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on a slope, an uphill landing is recommended. To
avoid a hard landing, fly the skiplane all the way to the
surface and add some power just before touchdown.
Be sure to turn the skiplane crosswise to the slope
before it stops. Otherwise it may slide backward down
the slope.
When using combination skis to land on solid ice without
the benefit of snow, it is better to land with the
wheels extended through the skis to improve the ground
handling characteristics. Solid or clear ice surfaces
require a much greater landing distance due to the lack
of friction. The skiplane also needs more area for turns
when taxiing. If the surface has little or no friction, consider
the possibility of a groundloop, since the center of
gravity is typically behind the main skis and the tail ski
may not resist side movement. Keep the skiplane
straight during the runout, and be ready to use a burst of
power to provide airflow over the rudder to maintain
directional control.
Under bright sun conditions and without brush or trees
for contrast, glare may restrict vision and make it difficult
to identify snowdrifts and hazards. Glare can also
impair depth perception, so it is usually best to plan a
soft-field landing when landing off airports.
After touchdown on soft snow, use additional power to
keep the skiplane moving while taxiing to a suitable
parking area and turning the skiplane around. Taxi
slowly after landing to allow the skis to cool down prior
to stopping. Even though they are moving against cold
surfaces, skis warm up a few degrees from the friction
and pressure against the surface. Warm skis could thaw
the snow beneath them when parked, causing the skis to
freeze to the surface when they eventually cool.
PARKING/POSTFLIGHT
Skiplanes do not have any parking brakes and will
slide on inclines or sloping surfaces. Park perpendicular
to the incline and be prepared to block or chock the
skis to prevent movement.
When parked directly on ice or snow, skis may freeze
to the surface and become very difficult to free. This
happens when there is liquid water under the skis that
subsequently freezes. If both the surface and the skis
are well below freezing, there will be no problem, but
if the skis are warm when the airplane stops, they melt
the surface slightly, then the surface refreezes as the
heat flows into the ground. Similarly, the weight of
the skiplane places pressure on the skis, and pressure
generates heat. If the ambient temperature goes up to
just below freezing, the heat of pressure can melt the
surface under the skis. Then as the temperature drops
again, the skis become stuck.
If parking for a considerable amount of time, support
the skis above the snow to prevent them from sticking
or freezing to the surface. Place tree boughs, wood
slats, or other materials under the skis to help prevent
Ch 07.qxd 8/25/04 11:20 AM Page 7-7
7-8
them from becoming frozen to the surface. [Figure 7-7]
Some pilots apply a coat of non-stick cooking spray or
engine oil to the polypropylene ski surface to prevent
ice or snow from sticking during the next takeoff.
If the skis are the retractable type and the frozen surface
will support the wheels, place the skis in the UP
position. Next, dig the snow out from around the skis
until ready to depart. This keeps the skis away from
the surface. When parking on a hill, pay attention to
the position of the fuel selector valve. Typically, the
uphill tank should be selected to prevent fuel from
transferring to the lower wing and subsequently
venting overboard.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
When operating a skiplane, carry an adequate survival
kit. A good rule of thumb is to carry what is needed to
be comfortable. Alaska, Canada, and Sweden provide
lists on the internet of the survival equipment required
for flights in northern areas. In addition to communicating
the current requirements for specific
jurisdictions, these lists can help pilots choose
additional equipment to meet their needs, beyond the
minimum required. Also be sure to check for any
restrictions on the carriage of firearms if they are part
of your survival kit.
SKI MALFUNCTION
If skis are not rigged properly, or when recommended
airspeeds are exceeded, it is possible that a ski will tuck
down and give a momentary downward rotation of the
nose of the skiplane. This is generally caused by spring
or bungee tension not being sufficient to hold ski tips
up. The immediate fix is to reduce power and reduce
the speed of the skiplane. When the air loads are
　
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