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instrument airspeed indicator on an aircraft. Directly related
to calibrated airspeed (CAS), IAS includes instrument errors
and position error.
Indirect indication. A reflection of aircraft pitch-and-bank
attitude by the instruments other than the attitude indicator.
Induced drag. Drag caused by the same factors that produce
lift; its amount varies inversely with airspeed. As airspeed
decreases, the angle of attack must increase, in turn increasing
induced drag.
Induction icing. A type of ice in the induction system that
reduces the amount of air available for combustion. The most
commonly found induction icing is carburetor icing.
Inertial navigation system (INS). A computer-based
navigation system that tracks the movement of an aircraft
via signals produced by onboard accelerometers. The initial
location of the aircraft is entered into the computer, and all
subsequent movement of the aircraft is sensed and used to
keep the position updated. An INS does not require any inputs
from outside signals.
Initial approach fix (IAF). The fix depicted on IAP charts
where the instrument approach procedure (IAP) begins unless
otherwise authorized by ATC.
Inoperative components. Higher minimums are prescribed
when the specified visual aids are not functioning; this
information is listed in the Inoperative Components Table found
in the United States Terminal Procedures Publications.
INS. See inertial navigation system.
Instantaneous vertical speed indicator (IVSI). Assists in
interpretation by instantaneously indicating the rate of climb
or descent at a given moment with little or no lag as displayed
in a vertical speed indicator (VSI).
Instrument approach procedures (IAP). A series of
predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an
aircraft under IFR from the beginning of the initial approach
to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be
made visually.
Instrument flight rules (IFR). Rules and regulations
established by the Federal Aviation Administration to govern
flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual
reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by
reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is
accomplished by reference to electronic signals.
Instrument landing system (ILS). An electronic system
that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a
specific runway, used to execute a precision instrument
approach procedure.
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility,
distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimums
specified for visual meteorological conditions, requiring
operations to be conducted under IFR.
G-10
Instrument takeoff. Using the instruments rather than
outside visual cues to maintain runway heading and execute
a safe takeoff.
Interference drag. Drag generated by the collision of
airstreams creating eddy currents, turbulence, or restrictions
to smooth flow.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The
United Nations agency for developing the principles and
techniques of international air navigation, and fostering planning
and development of international civil air transport.
International standard atmosphere (IAS). A model of
standard variation of pressure and temperature.
Inversion illusion. The feeling that the aircraft is tumbling
backwards, caused by an abrupt change from climb to straightand-
level flight while in situations lacking visual reference.
Inverter. A solid-state electronic device that converts D.C.
into A.C. current of the proper voltage and frequency to
operate A.C. gyro instruments.
Isogonic lines. Lines drawn across aeronautical charts to
connect points having the same magnetic variation.
IVSI. See instantaneous vertical speed indicator.
Jet route. A route designated to serve flight operations from
18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 450.
Jet stream. A high-velocity narrow stream of winds, usually
found near the upper limit of the troposphere, which flows
generally from west to east.
KIAS. Knots indicated airspeed.
Kollsman window. A barometric scale window of a
sensitive altimeter used to adjust the altitude for the
altimeter setting.
LAAS. See local area augmentation system.
Lag. The delay that occurs before an instrument needle attains
a stable indication.
Land as soon as possible. ATC instruction to pilot. Land
without delay at the nearest suitable area, such as an open
field, at which a safe approach and landing is assured.
Land as soon as practical. ATC instruction to pilot. The
　
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