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- hydraulically operated.
There is a mechanical back up on the:
- Pitch axis (Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer),
- Yaw axis (rudder).
PITCH
The pitch control is achieved by two elevators and the
Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS).
Elevators are used for short term activity.
The THS is used for long term activity.
ROLL
The roll control is achieved by one aileron and
spoilers number 2,3,4 and 5 on each wing, numbered
from wing root to wing tip.
Associated to the rudder, they ensure the automatic
roll/yaw coordination during turns.
YAW
The yaw control is provided by the rudder.
If the turn is initiated from the rudder pedals, the
roll spoilers and the ailerons ensure the automatic
roll/yaw turn coordination. The rudder is also used
for dutch roll damping.
SPEED BRAKE
The speed brake function is achieved by spoilers number
2,3,4. The speed brake function is activated to
increase the drag. Roll orders and speed brake orders
are added with priority given to the roll function.
GROUND SPOILERS
The ground spoiler function is achieved by all the
spoiler surfaces. The ground spoiler function is
activated to destroy the lift at touch-down and
roll-out phases or aborted take-off.
HIGH LIFT
The high lift function is achieved by the slats, the
flaps and the ailerons. There are two flaps and five
slats on each wing, numbered from wing root to wing
tip.
The slats, in conjunction with the flaps and drooped
ailerons ensure lift augmentation for take-off,
approach and landing.
The A321 is equipped with double slotted flaps.
AILERON DROOP
The ailerons are deflected downwards when the flaps
are extended to follow the contour of the wing.
The aileron droop function increases the lift on the
part of the wing which is not equipped with flaps.
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SYSTEM PRESENTATION
COMPUTERS
A computer arrangement permanently controls and
monitors the flight control surfaces, it also records
and stores faults.
This computer arrangement includes Elevator Aileron
Computers (ELACs) and Spoiler Elevator Computers
(SECs) able to control the aircraft in the roll and
pitch axes.
- 2 Elevator Aileron Computers (ELACs)
- 3 Spoiler Elevator Computers (SECs)
Two Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs) control the
yaw axis.
Two Slat and Flap Control Computers (SFCCs) are used
to control the slats and flaps and two Flight Control
Data Concentrators (FCDCs) permit the indicating and
maintenance functions to be achieved.
In A/P Mode the FMGC sends order to the EFCS.
This is the computer arrangement for Manual Mode.
Be aware that in case of failure of both ELACs, the
SECs directly receive signals from the side sticks.
In manual mode, in case of failure, one ELAC or one
SEC is able to control the aircraft on the roll and
pitch axes.
Two FCDCs are used to interface between the flight
control computers (ELACs and SECs) and the aircraft
systems (FWCs - CFDS ...).
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COMPUTERS (CONT’D)
The ELACs, SECs and FACs elaborate the flight control
laws, including flight envelope protection which
optimize the control of the A/C.
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