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June 2007
Visual Acuity Test
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Visual Field
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (2)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (3)
􀀴 Features of quantitative display:
􀂃 Several basic concepts I the design of quantitative
displays
􀂾 Scale range
􀂾 Numbered interval
􀂾 Graduation interval
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (4)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (5)
􀀴 Specific features of conventional quantitative
display
􀂃 Numeric progressions of scales
􀂃 Length of scale unit
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (6)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (7)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (8)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (9)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (10)
􀀴Object display
􀂃 When operator need to integrate information form
several variables to understand the state of a system or
process.
􀂃 Emergent feature: Combining dimensions into a
perceptual object.
􀂃 Separate display must also be provided.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Quantitative visual display (11)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Qualitative visual display
􀀴 Quantitative data may be used as the basis for
qualitative reading. However, best for quantitative
reading may not necessarily best for qualitative
reading.
􀀴 Use of color code
􀀴 Use of shape
􀀴 Check reading: Use of an instrument to ascertain
whether the reading is normal.
􀂃 Arrangement of the displays
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Qualitative visual display (2)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Signal and warning light
􀀴 Detectability of signal and warning lights
􀂃 Size, luminance, and exposure time
􀂃 Color of lights
􀂾 Low signal-to-background brightness contrast, use red .
􀂾 When high brightness contrast, color is not important.
􀂃 Flash rate of lights: 3 to 10 per second
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Signal and warning light (2)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Representational display
􀀴 Aircraft bank angle display
􀂃 Moving aircraft
􀂃 Moving horizon
􀂃 No final conclusion which is better yet
􀀴 3-D perspective displays
􀂃 In most cases, decisions based on 3-D are faster than on
2-D.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Representational display (2)
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Why and How Do People Have Errors
Human capacity’s limitation
a) Anthropometry
b) Auditory, Tactual, and Olfactory Displays
c) Visual
d) Process information
e) Make decision
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A model of information processing
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Perception
􀀴 Detection
􀂃 Determining whether a signal or target is
present.
􀀴 Identification and recognition: indicating in which of
several different classes the target belongs..
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Perception (2)
􀀴 Signal detection theory (SDT)
􀂃 Definition: to determine if the signal exists in a
situation with noise.
􀂃 Noise
􀂃 Possible outcome
　
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