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A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
AIRWORTHINESS AND FLIGHT STANDARDS
MASTER IN AVIATION SAFETY MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
OPS 09 – Air transport safety and human factors
Tianjin
June 2010
June 2007
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Part 5
General Interface Issues
Sun Ruishan
Research Institute of Civil Aviation Safety
Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
Tel：0086-22-24092593
Fax：0086-22-24957940
Email: sunrsh@hotmail.com
http://www.air-safety.com/
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Contents
1. Liveware-Hardware
2. Liveware-Environment (environment design)
3. Liveware-Liveware
4. Liveware-Software
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
SHEL model
1972 Elwyn Edwards
1984 Frank H Hawkins
Human Factors in Flight
1. Liveware
2. Hardware
3. Software
4. Environment
And their interface
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1. Liveware-Hardware
􀀴 1. Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 2. Workstation for air traffic controllers
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 To present the main HF topics used in
aeronautics,through practical examples(cockpit
interface)
􀀴 To present the approach developed by AIRBUS to
take into account the HF in the cockpit design
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 Classical criteria for ergonomics :
􀀴 • external visibility
􀀴 • internal visibility
􀀴 • safety around the head
􀀴 • accessibility to the control
􀀴 • general accessibility and visibility
􀀴 • mission achievement
􀀴 • comfort and aesthetism
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 A300:introduction to push button technology
􀀴 • A principle:dark cockpit
- no lights in normal configuration
- the light figures the state of the system
-- amber: warning
-- white: off
-- blue: manually on
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
Background
􀀴 The first known application of psychological
principle to an equipment design problem
during World War II.
􀀴 •The landing gear were retracted by pilots after
landing, because its control was easily confused with
flap and located side by side.
􀀴 • This is one of example of “design-induced error”.
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 A300:introduction to push button technology
􀀴 • the green line on the overhead panel for the
synoptic:
- logical grouping of controls and assistance to
the procedure application
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 A310(1983): the basic principles:
􀀴 • two pilots
􀀴 • forward Facing Crew Cockpit
􀀴 • dark cockpit
􀀴 • need to know philosophy?
- the right information when necessary
- the only useful information
􀀴 • improvement of the pilots’ comfort
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 A310:the principles for information display
􀀴 • no ambiguity,instinctive,suited to the parameter
to visualize
􀀴 • information are filtered depending to the flight
phrase
􀀴 • information take place in loop information:action
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
June 2007
1.1 Cockpit for pilots
􀀴 A320(1988): display and lateral stick used
principles:
􀀴 • push button and dark cockpit
􀀴 • “need to know”: EFIS+ECAM+EWD=EIS
􀀴 • FMS: for navigation management
􀀴 • unified control interface
••navigation,maintenance,data link(ACARS)
•••multi purpose control and display unit(MCDU)
　
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