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heated to 60°C (140°F)
minimum at the nozzle,
with a freeze point of at
least 10°C (18°F)
below OAT
Note: Upper temperature limit shall not exceed fluid and aircraft manufacturers recommendations.
CAUTION: WING SKIN TEMPERATURES MAY DIFFER AND IN SOME CASES MAY BE LOWER THAN OAT.
A STRONGER MIX (MORE GLYCOL) CAN BE USED UNDER THE LATTER CONDITIONS.
(1) To be applied before first step fluid freezes, typically within 3 minutes.
°C = Degrees Celsius / °F = Degrees Fahrenheit / OAT = Outside Air Temperature / FP = Freezing Point
CAUTION: SAE TYPE I FLUID USED DURING GROUND DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES
NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
E-26 FAA APPROVED
31 May 2001
FLUIDS FOR GROUND DE-ICING
The times of protection (the holdover times) for different de-icing fluids, vary considerably.
Furthermore, these times depend to a large extent on the meteorological conditions and methods
of application.
The time of protection will be shortened, for instance, by wet snow, increasing content of
moisture, wet airplane surface, relative high temperature of airplane surface and of the fluid
being used, or high wind velocity and unfavorable wind direction. All these conditions cause
unwanted run down of the protective film. If these conditions accumulate, the time of protection
can be shortened considerably.
CAUTION: DO NOT SPRAY DE-ICING FLUID IN AREAS WHERE SPRAY OR FLUID
MAY ENTER THE ENGINE OR APU AIR INLETS. DE-ICING FLUID MAY
BE USED TO CLEAR THESE AREAS PROVIDING IT IS THOROUGHLY
WIPED CLEAN BEFORE STARTING.
IF A DEICER SOLUTION IS INADVERTENTLY SPRAYED INTO THE
ENGINE OR APU INLETS OR CONTACTS THE EXHAUST WHEN THE
ENGINES OR APU ARE OPERATING, A POTENTIALLY UNSAFE
CONDITION COULD DEVELOP IN THE CABIN. ENGINE BLEEDS SHOULD
BE OFF AND DOORS AND OUTFLOW VALVE CLOSED DURING DE-ICING
OPERATIONS TO MINIMIZE THE RISK OF CABIN ENVIRONMENT
CONTAMINATION. IT IS RECOMMENDED APU NOT BE RUNNING AND
INLET DOOR CLOSED DURING DE-ICING OPERATIONS.
ONE OR TWO STEP PROCESS(ES)
ONE-STEP De-icing/Anti-Icing implements a heated, diluted de-icing/anti-icing fluid, both to
remove ice, snow, and/or frost from airplane surfaces and to protect the airplane from further
accumulation.
TWO-STEP De-icing/Anti-Icing implements hot water or a hot mixture of water-diluted de-icing
fluid followed immediately by treatment with anti-icing fluid. The Two-Step process is generally
accomplished using Type II FPD fluid.
CAUTION: TYPE II/IV FPD FLUID GENERALLY SHOULD NOT BE APPLIED
FORWARD OF THE LEADING EDGES OF THE WING. IF USED FOR DEICING,
DO NOT APPLY FORWARD OF COCKPIT WINDOWS. ENSURE
THAT RADOME AND COCKPIT WINDOWS ARE CLEAN.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
FAA APPROVED E-27
11 October 2002
TABLE III
Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of
Weather Conditions and OAT
CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE
USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES.
OAT
Manufacturer
Specific
Type II Fluid
Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours:minutes)
°C °F
Concentration
Neat-Fluid/Water
(Vol. % / Vol. %)
*Frost Freezing
Fog
♦Snow ***Freezing
Drizzle
Light
Freezing
Rain
Rain on Cold
Soaked Wing
‡Other
100/0 12:00 0:35-1:30 0:20-0:55 0:30-0:55 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:40
above 0 above 32 75/25 6:00 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:40 0:20-0:45 0:10-0:25 0:05-0:25
50/50 4:00 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:10
100/0 8:00 0:35-1:30 0:20-0:45 0:30-0:55 0:15-0:30
0 to -3 32 to 27 75/25 5:00 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:30 0:20-0:45 0:10-0:25
50/50 3:00 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:10
below below 100/0 8:00 0:20-1:05 0:15-0:35 **0:15-0:45 **0:10-0:30
-3 to -14 27 to 7 75/25 5:00 0:20-0:55 0:15-0:25 **0:15-0:30 **0:10-0:20
CAUTION:
Clear ice
may require
touch for
confirmation.
CAUTION:
No holdover
time guidelines
exist.
below
-14 to -25
below
7 to -13 100/0 8:00 0:15-0:20 0:15-0:30
below
-25
below
-13 100/0
SAE Type II fluid may be used below -25°C (-13°F) provided the freezing point of the fluid is at
least 7°C (13°F) below the OAT and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. Consider
use of SAE Type I fluid when SAE Type II fluid cannot be used.
　
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