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the description of Beaver Level 1 in chapter 8) this is already taken care of within the aircraft
model itself.
Parameters
The user mustmanually specify the parameters of ILS, GSerr, GSnoise1, LOCerr, and LOCnoise1
and the multiplication blocks 1/Sgs and 1/Sloc by double-clicking these blocks individually.
For the ILS block, this includes setting the runway heading, Earth-coordinates of the origin
of the runway-fixed reference frame, the position of the glideslope and localizer antennas
relatively to the runway threshold, and the nominal glideslope angle. For the
GSerr and LOCerr blocks, it is necessary to define the ILS performance category, the offset
percentages, and the nominal glideslope angle or the distance between the runway threshold
and localizer antenna. The GSnoise1 and LOCnoise1 blocks require the definition of
a scale length, the standard deviation of the noise, and the final approach speed of the
airplane. And finally, the multiplication factors 1/Kgs and 1/Kloc require the definition of
the nominal glideslope angle and the distance from the threshold to the localizer antenna.
Note: some parameters have to be defined multiple times in different blocks within ILS
example; it is up to the user to make sure that all parameters are set consistently!
Connections
in: x is usually extracted from the nonlinear aircraft model (type browse outputs at
the command-line for more information about the outputs from the aircraft model).
out: #gs and Gloc can e.g. be used as input signals for an automatic approach controller.
This has been demonstrated in the systems Apilot2 and Apilot3, which will be discussed
in chapter 15 (these systems use slightly modified versions of ILS example,
which have been included in the library APlib). The other signals are primarily
used to evaluate simulation results; yils is sent to the MATLAB workspace for postsimulation
processing.
Type browse ilsxmpl at the command-line for on-line help.
10.1. The radio-navigation blocklibrary 187
LOCerr Main FDC library / ILS/VOR radio-nav / ILS signals / LOCerr
Radio-navigation library / ILS signals / LOCerr
Type
Masked subsystem block.
Description
The block GSerr computes steady-state errors in the localizer signal. The errors are expressed
in terms of electrical currents, used to drive the localizer deviation indicator in
the cockpit.
Equations
For a detailed discussion of the equations from the block LOCerr, refer to section 5.1.2.
• localizer signal with steady-state errors, [μA]:
iloc,actual = KSloc (iloc,nominal + Diloc)
The multiplication factor KSloc takes into account the offset in the localizer sensitivity Sloc,
while the error Diloc represents an offset in the localizer reference plane, i.e. a deviation
from the extended runway centerline. The signals are expressed in terms of cockpit instrument
currents.
Inputs
iloc,nominal nomimal localizer current, iloc (nominal)
Outputs
iloc,actual actual localizer current, including steady-state errors, iloc (actual)
Parameters
The user must specify the ILS performance category (1, 2, or 3; see figure 5.6 from chapter
5), the offset in localizer sensitivity, the localizer misalignment, and the distance from
the runway threshold to the localizer antenna. The offset-values are both expressed as a
percentage of the maximum allowable error according to table 5.1. The parameters can
be entered in the mask dialog, which can be opened by double-clicking LOCerr.
Connections
in: iloc,nominal is retrieved from the block ILS, which determines the nominal ILS signals.
out: iloc,actual is in general added to a localizer noise signal, obtained by LOCnoise. This
signal can e.g. be used as an input signal for an automatic approach controller.
Type browse locerr at the command-line for on-line help.
188 Chapter 10. Radio-navigation block reference
LOCnoise1 (2) Main FDC library / ILS/VOR radio-nav / ILS signals / LOCnoise1 (2)
Radio-navigation library / ILS signals / LOCnoise1 (2)
Type
Masked subsystem blocks.
Description
The blocks LOCnoise1 and LOCnoise2 determine localizer noise signals. LOCnoise1 is
based on a noise model from AGARD report R-632 [1], while LOCnoise2 uses an alternative
model from NASA report CR-2022 [22]. These reports have also been referenced in
the block icons. The noise signals are expressed in terms of the electrical currents, used to
drive the localizer deviation indicator in the cockpit.
Equations
For a detailed discussion of the equations from the blocks LOCnoise1 and LOCnoise2,
refer to section 5.1.2.
• Localizer noise, [μA]:
Di
loc(s) = Hloc(s) w5(s)
where Di
　
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