layover rest for westward, eastward and north-south flights. 

- Examples of the way to use these recommendations according to:
 
 geographical zone

 crew composition

 number of time zones crossed

 number of nights during the layover 

 the extent of adjustment to local-time during the layover

 departure time for outbound and return flights. 

- Syntheses on the terms alertness, fatigue, monotony, circadian rhythms, sleep and napping, jet lag and life hygiene.
 

This document provides an update version of practical set of recommendations for the use of long-range crewmembers. This version (issue II) aims to:
 
 take account of advances in the field,

 extent the pre- and in flight recommendations to all long-haul flight schedules (around the clock), including charters flights,

 consider all time zone (+12) for layover recommendations,

 simplify their use.  

Indeed, the initial version of the recommendations (issue I) took into account the most frequent situations that aircrew may encounter in terms of flight schedules and time zone transitions. It comprised 20 different cards that the pilots had to adapt to fit their flight characteristics and destination. But, the timing of the flight and the number of time zones crossed was limited to the following categories:
 
 timing of the flight: Morning (10h) or Afternoon (14h) versus Night (18h), 

 the number of time zones crossed: -6 for westward flights and + 8 for eastward flights, 

We now take account of the time at which the crew member has to leave their home or hotel, as opposed to the timing of the flight, since it is this that will determine when they have to terminate their sleep and when they are able to nap.
 
Layover recommendations on arrival depend on base-time, which corresponds to biological time. In addition, the layover recommendations take account of the number of local nights and the number of time zones crossed. The adjustment to local-time depends more on the number of local nights than on its duration in hours. In some cases short layover duration may exceeds 48 hours while the number of local nights remains less than 3. 
 
We also aimed to simplify the use of cards by reducing the total number of cards.
 
Finally, we plan to develop software based on the various algorithms with a view to implementing the recommendations on a laptop. This would enable the crewmember to simply enter their flight details in order to obtain a detailed set of recommendations that could be tailored to take account of any known individual differences such as   morningness-eveningness, sleep quality and quality before and during the flight, the pattern of rest during layover. 
　
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本文鏈接地址：Getting to grips with Fatigue & Alertness Management(4)