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devices. Provisions shall be made for periodic
functional checks of safety devices.
Provide warning devices. 3 When neither design nor safety devices can
effectively eliminate identified risks or adequately
reduce risk, devices shall be used to detect the
condition and to produce an adequate warning
signal. Warning signals and their application shall
be designed to minimize the likelihood of
inappropriate human reaction and response.
Develop procedures and
training.
4 Where it is impractical to eliminate risks through
design selection or specific safety and warning
devices, procedures and training are used.
However, concurrence of authority is usually
required when procedures and training are applied
to reduce risks of catastrophic, hazardous, major,
or critical severity.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 5: Post-Investment Decision Safety Activities
December 30, 2000
5 - 4
·  Design software controlled or monitored functions to minimize initiation of hazardous events
or accidents.
·  Review design criteria for inadequate or overly restrictive requirements regarding safety.
·  Recommend new design criteria supported by study, analyses, or test data.
·  Isolate hazardous substances, components, and operations from other activities, personnel,
and incompatible materials.
·  Locate equipment so that access during operations, servicing, maintenance, repair, or
adjustment minimizes personnel exposure to hazards.
·  Minimize risk resulting from excessive environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure,
noise, toxicity, acceleration, and vibration).
·  Consider application specific approaches to minimize risk from hazards that cannot be
eliminated. Such approaches include interlocks, redundancy, fail-safe design, fire
suppression, and protective clothing, equipment, devices, and procedures.
·  Minimize the severity of personnel injury or damage to equipment in the event of an accident.
5.1.1 Management Responsibilities
The MA, in order to meet the objectives and requirements of system safety, must conduct the following
activities.
·  Plan, organize, and implement an effective SSP that is integrated into all life cycle phases.
·  Establish definitive SSP requirements for the procurement or development of a system. The
requirements must be set forth clearly in the appropriate system specifications and contractual
documents.
·  Ensure that a System Safety Program Plan (SSPP) is prepared that reflects in detail how the
total program is conducted.
·  Review and approve for implementation the SSPPs prepared by the contractor.
·  Supply historical safety data as available.
·  Monitor contractors' system activities and review and approve deliverable data, if applicable,
to ensure adequate performance and compliance with system safety requirements.
·  Ensure that the appropriate system specifications are updated to reflect results of analyses,
tests, and evaluations.
·  Evaluate new design criteria for inclusion into FAA specifications and standards, and submit
recommendations to the respective responsible organization.
·  Establish System Safety Working Groups as appropriate to assist the program manager in
developing and implementing an SSP.
·  Establish work breakdown structure elements at appropriate levels for system safety
management and engineering.
5.1.2 Management Risk Reviews
Management is responsible for reducing the risk of accidents to an acceptable level. The SSP is the
vehicle to achieve this objective. Unless there is a dedicated SSP, safety is not a first priority regardless
of intentions. Reducing risk is a primary objective of the SSP. The system safety activities assist the
program manager in identifying the following:
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 5: Post-Investment Decision Safety Activities
December 30, 2000
5 - 5
·  Nature of the accident and hazards
·  Place of its occurrence
·  Alternatives to control risks through design, operations, and procedures
·  Implementation and effectiveness of hazard control.
·  A properly planned SSP defines and funds the analyses necessary to identify risks throughout
the life cycle of the system.
The following is a partial list of safety activities that can help the program manager control safety risks.
·  Develop and distribute safety guidance for the entire life cycle of the system (i.e., design,
　
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