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and obtains an amended clearance, if deviation is
necessary.
NOTE−
A clearance to land means that appropriate separation on
the landing runway will be ensured. A landing clearance
does not relieve the pilot from compliance with any
previously issued altitude crossing restriction.
b. Controller.
1. Issues appropriate clearances for the operation
to be conducted, or being conducted, in
accordance with established criteria.
2. Assigns altitudes in IFR clearances that are at
or above the minimum IFR altitudes in controlled
airspace.
3. Ensures acknowledgement by the pilot for
issued information, clearances, or instructions.
4. Ensures that readbacks by the pilot of
altitude, heading, or other items are correct. If
incorrect, distorted, or incomplete, makes corrections
as appropriate.
AIM 2/17/05
5−5−2 Pilot/Controller Roles and Responsibilities
5−5−3. Contact Approach
a. Pilot.
1. Must request a contact approach and makes it
in lieu of a standard or special instrument approach.
2. By requesting the contact approach, indicates
that the flight is operating clear of clouds, has at least
one mile flight visibility, and reasonably expects to
continue to the destination airport in those conditions.
3. Assumes responsibility for obstruction clearance
while conducting a contact approach.
4. Advises ATC immediately if unable to
continue the contact approach or if encounters less
than 1 mile flight visibility.
5. Is aware that if radar service is being received,
it may be automatically terminated when told to
contact the tower.
REFERENCE−
Pilot/Controller Glossary Term− Radar Service Terminated.
b. Controller.
1. Issues clearance for a contact approach only
when requested by the pilot. Does not solicit the use
of this procedure.
2. Before issuing the clearance, ascertains that
reported ground visibility at destination airport is at
least 1 mile.
3. Provides approved separation between the
aircraft cleared for a contact approach and other IFR
or special VFR aircraft. When using vertical
separation, does not assign a fixed altitude, but clears
the aircraft at or below an altitude which is at least
1,000 feet below any IFR traffic but not below
Minimum Safe Altitudes prescribed in 14 CFR
Section 91.119.
4. Issues alternative instructions if, in their
judgment, weather conditions may make completion
of the approach impracticable.
5−5−4. Instrument Approach
a. Pilot.
1. Be aware that the controller issues clearance
for approach based only on known traffic.
2. Follows the procedure as shown on the IAP,
including all restrictive notations, such as:
(a) Procedure not authorized at night;
(b) Approach not authorized when local area
altimeter not available;
(c) Procedure not authorized when control
tower not in operation;
(d) Procedure not authorized when glide
slope not used;
(e) Straight-in minimums not authorized at
night; etc.
(f) Radar required; or
(g) The circling minimums published on the
instrument approach chart provide adequate obstruction
clearance and pilots should not descend below
the circling altitude until the aircraft is in a position
to make final descent for landing. Sound judgment
and knowledge of the pilot’s and the aircraft’s
capabilities are the criteria for determining the exact
maneuver in each instance since airport design and
the aircraft position, altitude and airspeed must all be
considered.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Approach and Landing Minimums, Paragraph 5−4−19.
3. Upon receipt of an approach clearance while
on an unpublished route or being radar vectored:
(a) Complies with the minimum altitude for
IFR; and
(b) Maintains the last assigned altitude until
established on a segment of a published route or IAP,
at which time published altitudes apply.
b. Controller.
1. Issues an approach clearance based on known
traffic.
2. Issues an IFR approach clearance only after
the aircraft is established on a segment of published
route or IAP, or assigns an appropriate altitude for the
aircraft to maintain until so established.
5−5−5. Missed Approach
a. Pilot.
1. Executes a missed approach when one of the
following conditions exist:
(a) Arrival at the Missed Approach
Point (MAP) or the Decision Height (DH) and visual
reference to the runway environment is insufficient to
complete the landing.
(b) Determines that a safe approach or
　
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