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in clouds, or in large areas producing
tornadoes or large hail.
(b) Tropical cyclones.
(c) Severe icing.
(d) Severe or extreme turbulence.
(e) Dust storms and sandstorms lowering
visibilities to less than 3 miles.
(f) Volcanic ash.
EXAMPLE−
Example of an International SIGMET:
WSNT06 KKCI 022014
SIGA0F
KZMA KZNY TJZS SIGMET FOXTROT 3 VALID
022015/030015 KKCI− MIAMI OCEANIC FIR NEW
YORK OCEANIC FIR SAN JUAN FIR FRQ TS WI
AREA BOUNDED BY 2711N6807W 2156N6654W
2220N7040W 2602N7208W 2711N6807W. TOPS TO
FL470. MOV NE 15KT. WKN. BASED ON SAT AND
LTG OBS.
MOSHER
f. AIRMET (WA)
1. AIRMETs (WAs) are advisories of significant
weather phenomena but describe conditions at
intensities lower than those which require the
issuance of SIGMETs. AIRMETs are intended for
dissemination to all pilots in the preflight and en route
phase of flight to enhance safety. AIRMET Bulletins
are issued on a scheduled basis every 6 hours
beginning at 0145 UTC during Central Daylight
Time and at 0245 UTC during Central Standard Time.
Unscheduled updates and corrections are issued as
necessary. Each AIRMET Bulletin contains any
8/5/04 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−15
current AIRMETs in effect and an outlook for
conditions expected after the AIRMET valid period.
AIRMETs contain details about IFR, extensive
mountain obscuration, turbulence, strong surface
winds, icing, and freezing levels.
2. There are three AIRMETs: Sierra, Tango,
and Zulu. After the first issuance each day, scheduled
or unscheduled bulletins are numbered sequentially
for easier identification.
(a) AIRMET Sierra describes IFR conditions
and/or extensive mountain obscurations.
(b) AIRMET Tango describes moderate
turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or
greater, and/or nonconvective low−level wind shear.
(c) AIRMET Zulu describes moderate icing
and provides freezing level heights.
EXAMPLE−
Example of AIRMET Sierra issued for the Chicago FA
area:
CHIS WA 121345
AIRMET SIERRA UPDT 3 FOR IFR AND MTN OBSCN
VALID UNTIL 122000.
AIRMET IFR...SD NE MN IA MO WI LM MI IL IN KY
FROM 70NW RAP TO 50W RWF TO 50W MSN TO
GRB TO MBS TO FWA TO CVG TO HNN TO TRI TO
ARG TO 40SSW BRL TO OMA TO BFF TO 70NW RAP
OCNL CIG BLW 010/VIS BLW 3SM FG/BR. CONDS
ENDG 15Z−17Z.
AIRMET MTN OBSCN...KY TN
FROM HNN TO TRI TO CHA TO LOZ TO HNN
MTNS OCNL OBSC CLDS/PCPN/BR. CONDS ENDG
TN PTN AREA 18Z− 20Z..CONTG KY BYD 20Z..ENDG
02Z.
EXAMPLE−
Example of AIRMET Tango issued for the Salt Lake City
FA area:
SLCT WA 121345
AIRMET TANGO UPDT 2 FOR TURB VALID UNTIL
122000.
AIRMET TURB...NV UT CO AZ NM
FROM LKV TO CHE TO ELP TO 60S TUS TO YUM TO
EED TO RNO TO LKV OCNL MOD TURB BLW FL180
DUE TO MOD SWLY/WLY WNDS. CONDS CONTG BYD
20Z THRU 02Z.
AIRMET TURB...NV WA OR CA CSTL WTRS
FROM BLI TO REO TO BTY TO DAG TO SBA TO 120W
FOT TO 120W TOU TO BLI
OCNL MOD TURB BTWN FL180 AND FL400 DUE TO
WNDSHR ASSOCD WITH JTSTR. CONDS CONTG BYD
20Z THRU 02Z.
EXAMPLE−
Example of AIRMET Zulu issued for the San Francisco
FA area:
SFOZ WA 121345
AIRMET ZULU UPDT 2 FOR ICE AND FRZLVL VALID
UNTIL 122000.
AIRMET ICE...WA OR ID MT NV UT
FROM YQL TO SLC TO WMC TO LKV TO PDT TO YDC
TO YQL
LGT OCNL MOD RIME/MXD ICGICIP BTWN FRZLVL
AND FL220. FRZLVL 080−120. CONDS CONTG BYD
20Z THRU 02Z.
AIRMET ICE...WA OR
FROM YDC TO PDT TO LKV TO 80W MFR TO ONP TO
TOU TO YDC
LGT OCNL MOD RIME/MXD ICGICIP BTWN FRZLVL
AND FL180. FRZLVL 060−080. CONDS CONTG BYD
20Z THRU 02Z.
FRZLVL...WA...060 CSTLN SLPG 100 XTRM E.
OR...060−070 CASCDS WWD. 070−095 RMNDR.
NRN CA...060−100 N OF A 30N FOT−40N RNO LN SLPG
100−110 RMNDR.
g. Severe Weather Watch Bulletins (WWs) and
Alert Messages (AWWs)
1. WWs define areas of possible severe
thunderstorms or tornado activity. The bulletins are
issued by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) in
Norman, OK. WWs are unscheduled and are issued
as required.
2. A severe thunderstorm watch describes areas
of expected severe thunderstorms. (Severe thunderstorm
criteria are 3/4−inch hail or larger and/or wind
gusts of 50 knots [58 mph] or greater.)
3. A tornado watch describes areas where the
threat of tornadoes exists.
4. In order to alert the WFOs, CWSUs, FSSs,
and other users, a preliminary notification of a watch
called the Alert Severe Weather Watch bulletin
　
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