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these principles as they may be designated as the task force headquarters. The SASO principles
are--
Objective. Direct every military operation towards a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable
objective.
l  
l   Unity of effort. Seek unity of effort towards every objective.
Legitimacy. Sustain the willing acceptance by the people of the right of the government to govern,
or of a group or agency to make and carry out decisions.
l  
Perseverance. Prepare for the measured, protected application of military capability in support of
strategic aims.
l  
l   Restraint. Apply appropriate military capability prudently.
l   Security. Never permit hostile factions to acquire an unexpected advantage.
FM 1-113 Chapter 9
9-1
b. FMs 100-5, 71-100, 1-100, and 100-20 further define the principles of SASO.
9-4. STABILITY AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS MISSIONS
Army cargo and utility helicopters can expect to conduct many different types of missions in SASO.
These missions can be conducted according to the planning considerations listed in the earlier chapters of
this manual. The uniqueness of SASO makes it impossible to list all of the missions that cargo and utility
aircraft will be tasked to accomplish, but following is a list of missions that can be expected in SASO:
a. Show of Force. A show of force is a mission carried out to demonstrate US resolve in which US
forces deploy to defuse a volatile situation that may be detrimental to US interests. It may take the
form of a combined training exercise, rehearsals, forward deployments of military forces, or
introduction and buildup of military forces in a region.
b. Noncombatant Evacuation Operations. NEO relocates threatened civilian noncombatants from
locations in a foreign country or host nation. NEO may be conducted in a peaceful environment or
it may require force. Utility and cargo helicopters must be prepared to conduct these operations in
a high threat environment.
c. Counterdrug Operations. Military efforts towards counter-drug support complement, rather
than replace, the efforts of other US agencies. Utility and cargo aircraft support these missions by
conducting reconnaissance and air moving counterdrug personnel.
d. Support for Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies. US forces may directly support a host
nation's counterinsurgency operations. Utility and cargo helicopters may support these operations
by conducting air movement operations, C2 operations, and air assaults. Aviation units in this type
of operation can expect to be task-organized into a task force consisting of utility, cargo, attack,
and cavalry assets.
e. Peace Enforcement. These operations are taken in support of diplomatic efforts to restore peace
between hostile factions. Utility and cargo helicopters can expect to conduct air movement
operations in a peace enforcement mission.
f. Air Assault. Air assault operations may be conducted as part of a SASO mission. Utility and
cargo helicopters should be prepared to conduct limited air assaults designed to achieve objectives
such as securing key terrain, restoring order, and quelling civil unrest.
g. Disaster Relief. These operations may occur in CONUS or OCONUS. Army utility and cargo
aircraft may be used to assist the civilian population in the event of natural disasters (hurricanes,
earthquakes, fires, floods). Missions during these operations range from air movement of supplies
and personnel to fire bucket missions.
h. Humanitarian Assistance. During peace operations, US forces may assist in providing
humanitarian assistance to those in need. Assistance missions include air movement of food,
water, and other critical supplies, air movement of personnel, to include medical personnel who
will provide essential care to the local population.
i. Air Movements. Utility and cargo helicopters will conduct air movements during all types of
operations. In SASO, units can expect to be tasked to move troops, supplies, equipment,
FM 1-113 Chapter 9
9-2
diplomats, allied forces, and media.
j. Command and Control. In SASO, C2 is a critical function. Since the organization of a JTF may
consist of troops from different units, C2 is essential. Utility aircraft can assist in the effective
control of SASO by providing the JTF and unit commanders with a platform for conducting C2
operations.
k. Special Event Support. Utility and cargo helicopters may be called upon to support special
events within CONUS and OCONUS. Examples of these types of missions include support for
sporting events, Olympic Games, and support for dignitaries, both US and foreign. Support
missions consist of providing aircraft for air movements of antiterrorist teams, supporting media,
　
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