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efficient airspace, the Single European Sky initiative, will take
this process further.
Additional support comes from the European Union in the
form of the Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in
Europe (ACARE), which was created in 2001. Both
EUROCONTROL and ACI make significant contributions as
members to this organisation, which has identified the
environment as one of its major challenges. ACARE has four
specific goals for a more environmentally sustainable air
transport system. These are:
• To reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by 50
per cent
• To reduce perceived external noise by 50 per cent
• To reduce NOX by 80 per cent
• To make substantial progress in reducing the
environmental impact of the manufacture, maintenance
and disposal of aircraft and related products
More recently, aviation, ATC and condensation trails
(contrails) were mentioned in the G8 Gleneagles Plan of
Action – Climate Change, Clean Energy and sustainable
development communiqué in July 2005. Aviation appears
within ‘Transforming the way we use energy’ section in
which aviation is tasked with examining ways to reduce
emissions, working with the IPCC to create an updated
assessment of the latest evidence on aviation’s impact on
climate change, supporting research into contrails and cirrus
cloud formation and to encourage collaboration between
There are an increasing
number of EUROCONTROL
programmes that are
taking into account the
impact of aviation on
the environment
MEETING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE
100
countries on long-term technology developments for the
reduction of emissions.
ACI EUROPE outlined ways to tackle emissions in a position
paper published in August 2005. This is examined in more
detail in the article on ‘Sustainable Development’. ACI
EUROPE also convenes an Environmental Strategy Committee
managed by Philippe Joppart, which is attended by, among
others, EUROCONTROL. Andrew Watt of EUROCONTROL said,
“We are delighted to be in this group because it gives us
access to airport operators and allows us to undertake joint
initiatives such as Collaborative Environmental Management
at airports.”
EUROCONTROL’s airspace, navigation and environmental
expertise underpins a series of flight trials at some of ACI
EUROPE’s member airports on Continuous Descent
Approaches (CDA) techniques, which offer reductions in
aircraft noise on approach, generate fuel savings for the
airlines, and reduce emissions to the atmosphere. By
delaying the point at which descent clearance is given, and
by informing pilots of distance to touchdown it is possible to
calculate the optimum rate of descent, thus avoiding
unnecessary periods of level flight. By keeping aircraft as
high as possible for as long as possible the noise impact on
the ground is minimised. Other best practice airport noise
control techniques are being investigated by EUROCONTROL,
including exploiting environmental opportunities from
improved aircraft navigation developments. Harmonised
pan-European guidance could follow.
MEETING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE
102
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Europe’s airports have a vital role to play in meeting the environmental
challenge if they are to accommodate the doubling of air traffic that is
forecast to happen by 2020. Bernard Fitzsimons looks at the way forward
economic instruments should be only one component of a
sound aviation climate change policy.
In July 2005 the European Union published a study by CE
Delft, Giving wings to emissions trading, which showed how
aviation could be brought into the EU emissions trading
scheme for carbon dioxide (CO2). The position taken by
Europe’s airports is that aviation’s real breakthrough on
climate change will come when the industry signs up to
targeted economic instruments such as emissions trading.
If the radiative effects of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and
other emissions are to be addressed by aviation, moreover,
they should also be addressed by other industrial and
transport sectors. In any initiative to tackle climate change
there must be equity among transport modes, equity among
airlines and equity with other business sectors.
Emissions trading policy
ACI EUROPE has consistently maintained that the best way to
deal with aviation’s climate change emissions is a long-term
global strategy which identifies and phases in the most
environmentally effective, economically efficient and
　
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