曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

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“A-CDM has the potential to save
tens of millions of euros and reduce
CO2 emissions by tens of thousands
of tonnes per annum”
From A-CDM cost benefit analysis published by EUROCONTROL in late 2007,
using data from participating airports: Barcelona, Brussels, Munich and Zurich
EUROCONTROL / IFATCA 2008: a collaborative approach to the future > Designing the network
is one of the two most influential
programmes in the airport domain right
now; the other being A-SMGCS: “The
airport is an extremely complex system
due to the various stakeholders operating
there. We came to a solution at Berlin
Tempelhof where we provide some, but
not all, of our radar data. Verbal
telephone coordination decreased
significantly from that moment on –
a big win for the tower controllers.”
Miart recognises the cultural barriers
that exist between the different, often
competing, interests at the airport. “It
takes three to five years to implement
A-CDM,” he says. But the running costs
are minimal. For Munich, the benefits
started from the outset. Miart expects in
five years, the top 25 airports will have
implemented airport A-CDM, with
others following their example.
Miart believes airport surface
management and safety is another project
that offers potential early payback. “We
are looking at how to use emerging
technology to reinforce prevention of
runway incursion, allowing the controller
to perform in a safe manner whatever the
weather.” The programme is examining
ways to reinforce runway incursion
monitoring through additional means,
such as multilateration, microwave and
infrared surveillance, with several
validation trials planned at selected
airports in the next two years.
This work is being carried out in close
coordination with similar activities by the
US Federal Aviation Administration.
Miart is hopeful that operations in low
visibility conditions will benefit from the
new controller tools. “We want to provide
the controllers with advance warning, and
give controllers more time to resolve
potential conflict. We are finding out the
best way to control the traffic on taxiways
and runways.”
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Airport surface
management
and safety is
another project
that offers potential
early payback
Using pilots, rather than ground-based air
traffic controllers, to ensure that aircraft
keep a safe distance from one another
(also known as pilot-controlled separation)
is a challenge for global Air Traffic
Management (ATM) harmonisation – one
that can only be fully implemented
through an interoperable system. There is
an almost unanimous verdict that the best
agency to carry through this
interoperability is the International Civil
Aviation Organisation (ICAO). It,
however, will only be in a position to
implement plans and actions once a
consensus has been found between all
stakeholders, including states and
international organisations, as to what
exactly is the right way forward. In order
to help achieve this consensus, ICAO has
published a circular to provide a high-level
overview and concept of the Airborne
Separation Assurance System (ASAS),
which takes into consideration the
FAA/EUROCONTROL ‘Principles of
Operations for the use of ASAS guidelines.
Another way of attaining progress on
international (global) agreement on
separation is to integrate the decision
process with the International Federation
of Air Traffic Controllers Associations
(IFATCA), especially as IFATCA has
already stipulated adherence to solutions,
be they at the state, regional or global
level, consistent with ICAO definitions.
IFATCA stresses that cooperation is the
key to successful implementation of
future ATM concepts and is promoting a
pragmatic approach. Patrik Peters,
Executive Vice-President, Europe, is keen
to highlight this. He says: “IFATCA will
continue to work with ICAO, especially
in ICAO Panels and Study Groups as
well as with other groups involved with
new separation standards.” He adds:
“IFATCA is issuing a series of papers to
assist in understanding the issues.
Participation of the International
Federation of Airline Pilot Associations
(IFALPA) is also important.”
Conflict management
ICAO recognises three levels of conflict
management: strategic, tactical and
collision avoidance. Strategic is achieved
　
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