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ATC Harmonisation and Integration
Programme (EATCHIP) identified three
specific issues relating to human resources
within air traffic management as follows:
• the need for a harmonised European
licence for Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs)
• a human factors element was involved in
80 per cent of all ATM occurrences
(accidents/incidents)
• a shortfall in controller numbers of
between 10 and 15 per cent across
Europe, contributing to capacity shortfalls.
Subsequently, in 1994, EUROCONTROL
set up a human resources team to address
these three issues, as elements of
EATCHIP, its successor programme,
EATM and now as part of the
SESAR programme.
European air traffic controller licence
In 2006, the European Parliament issued
directive 2006/23/EC on the establishment
of a Community air traffic controller
licence as part of the Single European Sky
(SES) legislation. The directive, which
came into force on 17 May 2006, requires
all member states to recognise licences and
their associated ratings and endorsements
issued by another state’s National
Supervisory Authority.
Conditions for obtaining a licence will
include holding a valid medical certificate,
age limitations, training and examination
requirements, and English language
proficiency ratings.
Member states are expected to have
transposed the directive into their national
law by May 2008, meaning that all
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Conditions for
obtaining a licence
will include holding
a valid medical
certificate, age
limitations, training
and examination
requirements, and
English language
proficiency ratings
ATCOs throughout the EU will have to
be able to speak and understand English
to a satisfactory standard. ICAO has
specified that controllers working in
designated international airspace must
demonstrate their language proficiency by
5 March 2008, while the European
Commission (EC) has extended these
language proficiency requirements to all
air traffic controllers, including students,
for application not later than 17 May 2010.
Therefore, the Training, Development
and Harmonisation, or TDH, unit at
EUROCONTROL’s training institute has
produced a tailored language proficiency
test – the English Language Proficiency
for Aeronautical Communication – to
meet the language proficiency
requirements for controllers laid down by
the International Civil Aviation
Organisation and the EC.
Addressing shortfalls
In terms of controller recruitment, the
SSH unit identified too much reliance on
calendar-year planning scenarios instead of
the 15 to 20-year timeframe necessary. It
has also developed some staff planning
tools and an internet-based selection
package – the First European Air Traffic
Controller Selection Test (FEAST) that
improves the quality of selection by ATC
recruiters. FEAST also contributes to the
cost efficiency of the overall recruitment
and selection process and to the goal of
reducing the costs associated with failure
of ATC trainees. It is currently in use by
both civil and military ANSPs in 21
European states and to date, a total of
9,000 prospective controllers have sat the
selection test, of whom some 600 have
been recruited as trainee controllers.
The EUROCONTROL Human
Resources Programme has also delivered
guidelines, methods, tools and reference
material aimed at contributing to and
enabling the timely availability of
suitable ATM staff as well as proactive
human performance management,
manpower planning, job marketing,
recruitment selection, training and staff
development. Specific human factor
products, such as Team Resource
Management, Human Error Analysis and
Critical Incident Stress Management,
have been created to contribute to safety
and efficiency enhancements in day-today
ATM operations. In addition, the
development of new ATM technology
and procedures will benefit from various
human factor methods (eg Human
Factors Cases) and tools which will
support the design of Controller
Working Positions and Human-
Automation Partnerships within the life
cycle of ATM systems.
Increasing automation
In particular, Barbarino highlights the
need to address, at an early stage, issues
surrounding the inevitable increased use of
automation. “Automation will definitely
increase, but when we develop automation
tools, we need to ensure that they are used
　
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