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and the direction of gravity is perpendicular to the geoid at
every point.
Geoid undulation. The distance of the geoid above (positive)
or below (negative) the mathematical reference ellipsoid.
Note.- In respect to the World Geodetic System - 1984
(WGS-84) defined ellipsoid, the dzfference between the WGS-
84 ellipsoidal height and orthometric height represents
WGS-84 geoid undulation.
Gregorian calendar. Calendar in general use; first introduced
in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximates the
tropical year than the Julian calendar (IS0 191 08*).
Note.- In the Gregorian calendar, common years have 365
days and leap years 366 days divided into twelve sequential
months.
Hazard beacon. An aeronautical beacon used to designate a
danger to air navigation.
Heliport. An aerodrome or a defined area on a structure
intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival,
departure and surface movement of helicopters.
Holding bay. A defined area where aircraft can be held, or
bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of
aircraft.
Holdover time. The estimated time the anti-icing fluid
(treatment) will prevent the formation of ice and frost and
the accumulation of snow on the protected (treated)
surfaces of an aeroplane.
Human Factors principles. Principles which apply to
aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and
maintenance and which seek safe interface between the
human and other system components by proper consideration
to human performance.
Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations
which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of
aeronautical operations.
Identification beacon. An aeronautical beacon emitting a
coded signal by means of which a particular point of
reference can be identified.
Independentparallel approaches. Simultaneous approaches to
parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar
separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended
runway centre lines are not prescribed.
Independent parallel departures. Simultaneous departures
from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways.
Instrument runway. One of the following types of runways
intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument
approach procedures:
a) Non-precision approach runway. An instrument runway
served by visual aids and a non-visual aid providing at
least directional guidance adequate for a straight-in
approach.
b) Precision approach runway, category I. An instrument
runway served by ILS and/or MLS and visual aids
intended for operations with a decision height not lower
than 60 m (200 ft) and either a visibility not less than
800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 m.
c) Precision approach runway, category II. An instrument
runway served by ILS and/or MLS and visual aids
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
intended for operations with a decision height lower
than 60 m (200 ft) but not lower than 30 m (100 ft) and
a runway visual range not less than 350 m.
d) Precision approach runway, category III. An instrument
runway served by ILS and/or MLS to and along the
surface of the runway and:
A -intended for operations with a decision height
lower than 30 m (100 ft), or no decision height
and a runway visual range not less than 200 m.
B -intended for operations with a decision height
lower than 15 m (50 ft), or no decision height and
a runway visual range less than 200 m but not less
than 50 m.
C - intended for operations with no decision height
and no runway visual range limitations.
Note 1.- See Annex 10, Volume I for related ILS and/or
MLS specifications.
Note 2.- Visual aids need not necessarily be matched to
the scale of non-visual aids provided. The criterion for the
selection of visual aids is the conditions in which operations
are intended to be conducted.
Integrity (aeronautical data). A degree of assurance that an
aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered
since the data origination or authorized amendment.
Intermediate holding position. A designated position intended
for traffic control at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles
shall stop and hold until further cleared to proceed, when so
instructed by the aerodrome control tower.
Landing area. That part of a movement area intended for the
landing or take-off of aircraft.
Landing direction indicator. A device to indicate visually the
direction currently designated for landing and for take-off.
Laser-beam critical flight zone (LCFZ). Airspace in the
proximity of an aerodrome but beyond the LFFZ where the
　
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