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a height of 150 m or more above ground elevation should be
regarded as obstacles, unless a special aeronautical study
indicates that they do not constitute a hazard to aeroplanes.
Note.- This study may have regard to the nature of
operations concerned and may distinguish between day and
night operations.
4.4 Other objects
4.4.1 Recommendation.- Objects which do not project
through the approach surface but which would nevertheless
adversely affect the optimum siting or performance of visual or
non-visual ai& should, as far as practicable, be removed.
4.4.2 Recommendation.- Anything which may, in the
opinion of the appropriate authority afier aeronautical study,
endanger aeroplanes on the movement area or in the air within
the limits of the inner horizontal and conical surfaces should be
regarded as an obstacle and should be removed in so far as
practicable.
Note.- In certain circumstances, objects that do not project
above any of the surfaces enumerated in 4.1 may constitute a
hazard to aeroplanes as, for example, where there are one or
more isolated objects in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
CHAPTER 5. VISUAL AIDS FOR NAVIGATION
5.1 Indicators and signalling devices 5.1.2 Landing direction indicator
5.1.1 Wind direction indicators
Application
Location
5.1.2.1 Where provided, a landing direction indicator
shall be located in a conspicuous place on the aerodrome.
5.1.1.1 An aerodrome shall be equipped with at least one Characteristics
wind direction indicator.
5.1.2.2 Recommendation.- The landing direction indicator
should be in the form of a "T".
Location
5.1.2.3 The shape and minimum dimensions of a landing
7"' shall be as shown in Figure 5- 1. The colour of the landing
"T" shall be either white or orange, the choice being
5.1.1.2 A wind direction indicator shall be located so as dependat on the colour that contrasts best with the backto
be visible from aircraft in flight or on the movement area
ground against which the indicator will be viewed. Where
and in such a way as to be Free from the effects of air
required for use at night the landing "T" shall either be
disturbances caused by nearby objects. illuminated or outlined by white lights.
5.1.3 Signalling lamp
Characteristics
5.1.1.3 Recommendation.- The wind direction indicator
should be in the form of a truncated cone made of fabric
and should have a length of not less than 3.6 m and a
diameter, at the larger end, of not less than 0.9 m. It should
be constructed so that it gives a clear indication of the
direction of the surface wind and a general indication of the
wind speed. The colour or colours should be so selected as to
make the wind direction indicator clearly visible and
understandablefrom a height of at least 300 m, having regard
to background. Where practicable, a single colour, prefirably
white or orange, should be used. Where a combination of two
colours is required to give adequate conspicuity against
changing backgrounh, they should preferably be orange and
white, red and white, or black and white, and should be
arranged in$ve alternate ban&, the first and last bands being
the darker colour.
5.1.1.4 Recommendation.- The location of at least one
wind direction indicator should be marked by a circular band
I5 m in diameter and 1.2 m wide. The band should be centred
about the wind direction indicator support and should be in a
colour chosen to give adequate conspicuity, preferably white.
5.1.1.5 Recommendation.- Provision should be made
for illuminating at least one wind indicator at an aerodrome
intended for use at night.
Application
5.1.3.1 A signalling lamp shall be provided at a controlled
aerodrome in the aerodrome control tower.
5.1.3.2 Recommendation.- A signalling lamp should be
capable of producing red, green and white signals, and of
Figure 5-1. Landing direction indicator
ANNEX 14 - VOLUME I 5-1
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
a) being aimed manually at any target as required;
b) giving a signal in any one colour followed by a signal in
either of the two other colours; and
c) transmitting a message in any one of the three colours by
Morse Code up to a speed of at least four words per
minute.
When selecting the green light, use should be made of the
restricted boundary of green as specified in Appendix 1, 2.1.2.
5.1.3.3 Rec6mmendation.- The beam spread should be
not Iess than I O nor greater than 3'. with negligible Iight
beyond 3'. When the signalling lamp is intended for use in the
daytime the intensity of the coloured light should be not Iess
　
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