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operator Scandinavian Airlines, maximum take off weight 233 000 kg.
1.7 Meteorological information
There was a ridge of high pressure over the Baltic Sea and eastern Sweden. The sky
was clear but local fog occurred especially close to sea and lakes in the morning hours.
In Arlanda light southerly wind carried moist air from lake Mälaren to the airport. The terrain
forced the air to rise and caused turbulence as consequence fog in Arlanda. The
meteorological visibility was 200 m and the RVR varied in hours 03.20 - 06.20 between
300 and 500 meters.
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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Figure 2. SW chart valid time 06 UTC 03.10.2003
The pilots had in the flight preparation in Chicago the following forecast for Stockholm-
Arlanda available: FTSN32 ESSA 022200. Terminal area forecast, TAF
Stockholm Arlanda, ESSA, 022210Z valid 3.10 between 06 and 24 UTC:
Wind 190º 8 KT visibility 10 km, clouds scattered 3000 ft, temporarily between 06
and 07 UTC visibility 500 m fog, vertical visibility 200 feet
Temporarily between 07 and 09 UTC visibility 4000 m mist, clouds broken 800 feet,
probability 30% between 13 and 24 UTC rain.
Stockholm Arlanda weather 3.10.2003 published by MET office:
Terminal area forecast, TAF, valid between 03-12 UTC:
Wind variable 3 KT, visibility 5 km mist, clouds scattered 200 feet, probability 30%
between 03-07 visibility 700 m, fog.
Amended TAF at 02.00, valid between 03-12 UTC:
Wind variable 3 KT, visibility 5 km mist, clouds scattered 200 feet, probability 40%
between 03-07 visibility 300 m, fog, vertical visibility 200 feet, probability 30% between
07-09 visibility 4 km mist, clouds broken 700 feet.
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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Weather observations, METAR:
At 04.20 UTC: Wind 170º/4 KT, visibility 250 m, RVR rwy 01L 550 m no change,
rwy 19R 600 m no change, fog, vertical visibility 200 feet, temperature +8 ºC, dew
point +7 ºC, QNH 1007, no change expected.
At 04.50 UTC: Wind 190º/4 KT, visibility 200 m, RVR rwy 01L 500 m no change,
rwy 19R 500 m no change, fog, vertical visibility 200 feet, temperature and dew
point +7 ºC, QNH 1007, no change expected.
At 05.20 UTC: Wind 170º/6 KT, visibility 200 m, RVR rwy 01L 450 m no change,
rwy 19R 450 m no change, fog, vertical visibility 200 feet, temperature +8 ºC, dew
point +7 ºC, QNH 1007, no change expected.
Helsinki-Vantaa weather 3.10.2003:
Weather observation, METAR:
At 05.50 UTC: Wind variable 2 KT, visibility more than 10 km, clouds few 800 feet
broken 6600 feet, temperature +6 º, dew point 0 ºC, QNH 1008, no change expected.
1.8 Aids to navigation
The aircraft was equipped with a modern Flight Management Guidance Envelope System
(FMGS). It generates optimum vertical and lateral flight profiles and predicted progress
along the entire flight path and computes performance and guidance commands.
FMGS guides the aircraft along the pre-planned lateral and vertical flight plans. The pilots
have opportunity to receive information from the system and modify selected navigation
or performance data and specific functions of flight management via Multipurpose
Control and Display Unit (MCDU). Optimisation and predictions include to the performance
function and are available for in-flight calculations.
For lateral navigation FMGS uses Global Positioning System/ Inertial Reference System
(GPS/IRS) data and radio navigation aids. It is certified for basic (B) and precision (P)
area navigation (BRNAV and PRNAV) operations as well as for operations in Required
Navigation Performance (RNP 10) airspace, for example Oceanic/ remote area operations.
1.9 Communications
VHF (very high frequency) radio communications were used between SK946 and the air
traffic control units except over the western Atlantic where HF (high frequency) radio
communications were used.
The VHF radio communications in the Finnish airspace were listened from Tampere
ACC and Helsinki-Vantaa ATC recordings.
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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1.10 Aerodrome information
1.10.1 Stockholm Arlanda information
The co-ordinates of the Arlanda aerodrome reference point are 59º39.07’ N, 017º55.07’
E. The elevation is 137 ft (41.9 m), the elevation of threshold 01L is 98 feet (30 m).
There are three runways at the aerodrome. Category II approach is available for approach
and landing to runways 01L, 01R and 19L. The runway 01L, which SK946 approached,
is equipped with high intensity approach, runway centre line and runway edge
　
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