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information if the
person concerned is
not aware of the fact.
The purpose of the
data being collected
has to be explained,
as well as how the
information is to be
used. Any person for
whom biometric data
has been collected
must know who
holds the data, so
that they can request
corrections in case
of error. Another
major principle is
technical security:
biometric systems
must be secure to
prevent pirating,
expropriation or
misappropriation.
Over and above the
legal obligation, this
is also an essential
prerequisite for
mutual trust between
individuals and the
company that collects
the data.
* Principal Administrator at the
OECD, leader of the Information
Security and Private-Consumer
Policy working group, which
published a report on biometric
technologies in 2003.
©DR
Legal and ethical
aspects of biometrics
It seems that biometrics has always
been used for identification. In
the second century B.C., the
Chinese emperor Ts’In She was
already authenticating certain seals
with a fingerprint. This budding use
of biometrics was then forgotten, only
to be rediscovered by William James
Herschel in the mid-19th century.
“He was an English officer in charge
of building roads in Bengal,” explains
Bernard Didier, Vice President R&T
Business Development at Sagem
Sécurité (Safran Group). “He had his
subcontractors sign contracts with
their fingerprints, thus making it easier
to find them if they defaulted.”
This application already expresses
the basic principle of biometrics: to
identify a person based on certain
characteristics, whether anatomical
(size, fingerprints, iris, odor, etc.) or
behavioral (way of walking, footfall,
handwriting, etc.).
Biometrics is inextricably linked
with the question of identity. Until
now, it was relatively easy to prove
one’s identity by certain possessions
(a key to show ownership of a car,
for example), or by knowing a secret
(password). Official ID cards are also
a proof of identity, but according
1 00 million
biometric ID
certificates
delivered
worldwide.
Sagem Sécurité
is the global
leader in this
growth sector.
A wea pon
agai nst ID fra ud
Biometrics is proving to be one of
the best defenses against identity
theft and fraud, which is a lot
more common than one would
think. In the United States, for
instance, a Federal Trade
Commission study estimates the
financial damage to the U.S.
economy due to ID fraud at $53
billion! In the United Kingdom, the
estimate is £1.72 billion. And all
indications are that this type of
fraud is accelerating at a dizzy
pace. Of course, Internet use
continues to boom, and in the
virtual world, it’s still relatively
easy to pretend you’re somebody
else!
Henri Léon Scheffer was the first
criminal to be identified by the Paris
police from fingerprints,
in October 1902.
© Préfecture de Police de Paris / Tout droit réservé
safran magazine November 2007 _ safran magazine _ November 2007
16-17 Special report
S agem Sécurité, part of the Safran
Group, is a pioneer in biometric
systems for police forces. In fact,
it leads the field, with more than
60 systems up and running worldwide.
Its client list includes such prestigious
organizations as the FBI, the British
Home Office, Interpol and the German
and Australian police. The FBI’s
database, for instance, lists more than
700 million fingerprints, and is consulted
more than 50,000 times a day. For
many years, this was the core business
at Sagem Sécurité, accounting for half
of its biometric revenues. Today, civilian
applications have caught up with, or
even surpassed police applications, and
often involve very hefty contracts.
Biometric ID card
In South America, Colombia chose
Sagem Sécurité to provide a highly
secure biometric ID card to all citizens
over 14 years old by the end of
2009 – a total of 33 million people!
The company’s engineers developed
mobile registration stations which will
travel around the country to accomplish
this immense task. Sagem Sécurité
(Safran Group) is already an old
hand at this type of operation, since
　
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