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increase the potential benefits. Safety information gathered from other programmes of the SMS gives
context to the FDA data. In turn, FDA can provide quantitative information to support investigations that
otherwise would be based on less reliable subjective reports.
Aims and objectives of an FDA programme
16.3.48 Define objectives of programme. As with any project there is a need to define the direction
and objectives of the work. A phased approach is recommended so that the foundations are in place for
possible subsequent expansion into other areas. Using a building block approach will allow expansion,
diversification and evolution through experience.
Example: With a modular system, begin by looking at basic safety-related issues only. Add engine
health monitoring, etc. in the second phase. Ensure compatibility with other systems.
16.3.49 Set goals. A staged set of objectives starting from the first week’s replay and moving through
early production reports into regular routine analysis will contribute to a sense of achievement as milestones
are met.
Examples:
Short-term goals:
a) Establish data download procedures, test replay software and identify aircraft defects;
b) Validate and investigate exceedence data; and
Chapter 16. Aircraft Operations 16-13
c) Establish a user-acceptable routine report format to highlight individual exceedences and facilitate
the acquisition of relevant statistics.
Medium-term goals:
a) Produce annual report — include key performance indicators;
b) Add other modules to analysis (e.g. Continuing Airworthiness); and
c) Plan for next fleet to be added to programme.
Long-term goals:
a) Network FDA information across all company safety information systems;
b) Ensure FDA provision for any proposed advanced training programme; and
c) Use utilization and condition monitoring to reduce spares holdings.
16.3.50 Initially, focusing on a few known areas of interest will help prove the system’s effectiveness.
In contrast to an undisciplined “scatter-gun” approach, a focused approach is more likely to gain early
success.
Examples: Rushed approaches, or rough runways at particular airports; unusual fuel usage on
particular flight segments; etc. Analysis of such known problem areas may generate useful information
for the analysis of other areas.
The FDA team
16.3.51 Experience has shown that the “team” required to run an FDA programme could vary in size
from one person with a small fleet (five aircraft), to a dedicated section for large fleets. The descriptions
below identify various functions to be fulfilled, not all of which need a dedicated position. For example,
engineering may provide only part-time support.
• Team leader. Team leaders must earn the trust and full support of both management and flight
crews. They act independently of others in line management to make recommendations that will be
seen by all to have a high level of integrity and impartiality. The individual requires good analytical,
presentation and management skills.
• Flight operations interpreter. This person is usually a current pilot (or perhaps a recently retired
senior Captain or trainer), who knows the company’s route network and aircraft. This team
member’s in-depth knowledge of SOPs, aircraft handling characteristics, airfields and routes will be
used to place the FDA data in a credible context.
• Technical interpreter. This person interprets FDA data with respect to the technical aspects of the
aircraft operation and is familiar with the power plant, structures and systems departments’
requirements for information and any other engineering monitoring programmes in use by the
airline.
• Aircrew representative. This person provides the link between the fleet or training managers and
flight crew involved in circumstances highlighted by FDA. The position requires good people skills
16-14 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
and a positive attitude towards safety education. The person is normally a representative of the flight
crew association and should be the only person permitted to connect the identifying data with the
event. The aircrew representative requires the trust of both crew members and managers for their
integrity and good judgement.
• Engineering technical support. This person is usually an avionics specialist, involved in the
supervision of mandatory serviceability requirements for FDR systems. This team member must be
knowledgeable about FDA and the associated systems needed to run the programme.
• Air safety coordinator. This person cross-references FDA information with other air safety
monitoring programmes (such as the company’s mandatory or confidential incident reporting
　
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