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standards?
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11-1
Chapter 11
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLANNING
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.1.1 Perhaps because aviation accidents are rare events, few organizations are prepared when one
occurs. Many organizations do not have effective plans in place to manage events during or following an
emergency or crisis. How an organization fares in the aftermath of an accident or other emergency can
depend on how well it handles the first few hours and days following a major safety event. An emergency
plan outlines in writing what should be done after an accident and who is responsible for each action. In
aerodrome operations, such a plan is referred to as an Aerodrome Emergency Plan (AEP). However, in this
chapter, the generic term Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is used.
11.1.2 While it is normal to associate emergency response planning with aircraft or aerodrome
operations in case of an aircraft accident, the concept can equally be applied to other service providers.
Emergency response planning is necessary for ATS providers in case of a major power outage, loss of
radar, communications or other major facilities, etc. A maintenance organization needs emergency response
planning in case of a hangar fire, major fuel spill, etc. In this context, an emergency is considered to be an
event that could cause major harm or disruption to an organization.
11.1.3 At first glance, emergency response planning may appear to have little to do with safety
management. However, effective emergency response planning provides an opportunity to learn, as well as
to apply, safety lessons aimed at minimizing damage or injury.
11.1.4 To be able to respond successfully to an emergency, it is necessary to start with effective
planning. An ERP provides the basis for a systematic approach to managing the organization’s affairs in the
aftermath of a significant unplanned event — in the worst case, a major accident.
11.1.5 The purpose of an ERP is to ensure that there is:
a) orderly and efficient transition from normal to emergency operations;
b) delegation of emergency authority;
c) assignment of emergency responsibilities;
d) authorization by key personnel for actions contained in the plan;
e) coordination of efforts to cope with the emergency; and
f) safe continuation of operations or return to normal operations as soon as possible.
11-2 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
11.2 ICAO REQUIREMENTS
11.2.1 Any organization conducting or supporting flight operations should have an ERP. The following
documents stipulate ICAO’s requirements or provide guidance material concerning emergency response
planning:
a) Annex 14 — Aerodromes states that an aerodrome emergency plan shall be established at an
aerodrome, commensurate with the aircraft operations and other activities conducted at an airport.
The plan shall provide for the coordination of the actions to be taken in an emergency occurring at
an aerodrome or in its vicinity.
b) The Preparation of an Operations Manual (Doc 9376) states that the operations manual of a
company should give instructions and guidance on the duties and obligations of personnel following
an accident. It should include guidance on the establishment and operation of a central
accident/emergency response centre — the focal point for crisis management. In addition to
guidance for accidents involving company aircraft, guidance should also be provided for accidents
involving aircraft for which the company is the handling agent (for example, through code-sharing
agreements or contracted services). Larger companies may choose to consolidate all this
emergency planning information in a separate volume of their operations manual.
c) The Airport Services Manual (Doc 9137), Part 7 — Airport Emergency Planning, gives guidance to
both airport authorities and aircraft operators on pre-planning for emergencies, as well as on
coordination between the different airport agencies, including the operator.
11.2.2 To be effective, an ERP should:
a) be relevant and useful to the people who are likely to be on duty at the time of an accident;
b) include checklists and quick reference contact details of relevant personnel;
c) be regularly tested through exercises; and
d) be updated when changes occur.
11.3 ERP CONTENTS
An ERP would normally be documented in the format of a manual. It should set out the responsibilities, roles
and actions for the various agencies and personnel involved in dealing with emergencies. An ERP should
take into account such considerations as:
a) Governing policies. The ERP should provide direction for responding to emergencies, for example,
governing laws and regulations for investigations, agreements with local authorities, and company
　
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