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16. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space administration (naSa) aviation Safety Reporting System (aSRS) is a confiden-tial incident-reporting system. The ASRS Program Overview said, “Pilots, air traffic controllers, flight attendants, mechanics, ground personnel and others involved in aviation operations submit reports to the ASRS when they are involved in, or observe, an incident or situation in which aviation safety was compromised. … aSRS de-identifies reports before entering them into the incident database. All personal and organizational names are removed. Dates, times and related information, which could be used to infer an identity, are either generalized or eliminated.”
ASRS acknowledges that its data have certain limitations. ASRS Directline
(december 1998) said, “Reporters to aSRS
may introduce biases that result from a greater tendency to report serious events than minor ones; from organizational and geographic influences; and from many other factors. All of these potential influences reduce the confidence that can be attached to statistical findings based on ASRS data. However, the proportions of consistently reported incidents to ASRS, such as altitude deviations, have been remarkably stable over many years. Therefore, users of ASRS may presume that incident reports drawn from a time interval of several or more years will re-flect patterns that are broadly representa-tive of the total universe of aviation safety
incidents of that type.”
17.
naSa aSRS report no. 464683. February 2000.

18.
naSa aSRS report no. 491679. november 2000.

19.
naSa aSRS report no. 597122. october 2003.

20.
u.K. air accidents investigation Branch

 

(aaiB). aaiB bulletin no. 11/97, refer-ence eW/a97/4/01.
21. u.K. Civil aviation authority (Caa). Progress Report 1998: CAA and DETR Responses to Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) Safety Recommendations. Civil aviation Publication (CaP) 689.
22. naSa aSRS report no. 454210. november
1999.
23.
leborgne.

24.
garber, Ralph Michael; Van Kirk,

Lawrence. “Conditional Maintenance
inspection.” Aero issue 14 (april 2001).
25. Carbaugh, david. telephone inter-view and e-mail communication with lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia,
u.S. July 6, 2004; July 20, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia,
U.S.
26.
garber; Van Kirk.

27.
Ferrante, John. telephone interview by lacagnina, Mark. alexandria, Virginia, u.S. July 23, 2004. Flight Safety Foundation, alexandria, Virginia, u.S.

28. Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) approach-and-landing accident Reduction (alaR) task Force; FSF editorial Staff. “Killers in aviation: FSF task Force Presents Facts About Approach-and-landing and Controlled-flight-into-terrain accidents.” Flight Safety Digest Volume 17 and Volume 18 (November–December 1998, January– February 1999).
　
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