Appendix
Turbojet Airplane Hard-landing Accidents and Incidents, 1996–2002 (continued)
Date Location Airplane Type Airplane Damage Injuries
Feb. 27, 1998 Jakarta, Indonesia Boeing 737-500 substantial 93 minor/none
The first officer was the pilot flying when the flight crew began an ILS approach to Runway 25 in VMC. During final approach, the airplane was flown into a squall with heavy rain. Sink rate increased, and the airplane touched down hard, bounced and touched down again in a nose-high attitude, which resulted in a tail strike. The crew completed the landing and stopped the airplane on the runway.
July 18, 1998 Seattle, Washington, U.S. Douglas DC-8-63F substantial 5 none
The flight crew conducted an ILS approach in weather conditions that included a 200-foot ceiling and one statute mile (two kilometers) visibility. The first officer was the pilot flying. Air traffic control (ATC) radar showed that the airplane’s flight path deviated from the localizer course and the glideslope. When the airplane descended below the clouds, it was left of the runway centerline. The captain told the first officer,“Push it down.You got it? Or [do] you want me to get it?”The first officer said,“I can get it.”The first officer applied nose-down pitch control and banked the airplane about 14 degrees right to align it with the runway centerline. A high sink rate developed, and the airplane touched down hard. A wheel on the main landing gear separated, entered the ramp area and struck two trucks and a baggage cart in front of the main terminal building. An examination of the wheel-retaining nut showed that it was worn beyond engineering-drawing specifications. The report said that the probable cause of the accident was the flight crew’s “failure to perform a missed approach upon failing to attain and/or maintain proper course/runway alignment and glide path on final approach.”
July 19, 1998 Kos, Greece Lockheed L-1011 substantial 370 none
During a VOR/DME approach to Runway 33 at 0400 local time in VMC with winds from 010 degrees at 16 knots, a sudden wind shift caused a high sink rate to develop when the airplane was close to the runway. The commander increased nose-up pitch attitude, and the airplane landed hard, striking its tail on the runway. The report said that the flight crew likely was experiencing a reduced level of alertness when the accident occurred. The crew had been on standby when they were called to conduct the flight, which departed from London, England, at 2230 local time (0030 Kos time). Their standby duty had been scheduled to end at 2000. Except for a 40-minute nap by the commander before reporting for duty, the commander and the first officer had been awake more than 20 hours when the accident occurred.
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