1.
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 4
2.
Structure of the Document..................................................................................... 5
3.
Purpose of the Document....................................................................................... 6
4.
Scope of the Document .......................................................................................... 7
5.
Criteria for Accuracy of a Radar System to support 5/10NM Separation Minima ....................................................................................................................... 7
6.
Criteria for Accuracy of a Radar System/Sensor to support 3NM or 2.5NM .... 14
7.
Communication Facility Properties........................................................................ 17
8.
Applicability Tables for Radar Separation Minima............................................... 19
Annex 1 Selected parts from the ECAC and ICAO Documents
Annex 2 Attachment A: Example Methodology for Mono-Radar Systems Criteria for accuracy of a radar system to support 5/10 separation minima (United Kingdom)
Attachment B : Example Methodology for Multi-Radar Tracking Systems French methodology for assessing that a multi-radar system can support a
given radar separation Attachment C : Example Methodology for Multi-Radar Tracking Systems
Minimum radar separation of 5NM used at the Maastricht UAC and AUSTRO CONTROL Annex 3 Attachment A: UK NATS - States’ contributions to Radar Separation Minima in High Complexity TMAs Attachment B : Example of Operational Procedures to implement 2.5NM Radar Separation on Final Approach Track at Frankfurt Airport Attachment C : Example of Conditions for applying 2.5NM Radar Separation on Final Approach Track at Heathrow Airport Attachment D : Example of Operational Procedures to implement 2.5NM Radar Separation on Final Approach Track at Vienna Airport Attachment E : Airport Frankfurt - Calculation of runway occupancy times at Frankfurt airport.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The primary function of Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the provision of safe and expeditious sequencing of traffic, by providing safe horizontal and vertical separation distances between aircraft, which may not be reduced simultaneously. Using lower radar separation values has long been recognised as a beneficial way to improve Air Traffic Control Capacity and Efficiency. Such a reduction is to be done in a careful manner in order to maintain the high level of safety existing in Air Traffic Management.
The implementation of 5NM/10NM radar separation by 1995, without degrading Flight Safety, is a defined objective of “The ECAC Strategy for the 90s”. Indeed, the Ministers of Transport, meeting in 1989 specifically identified the harmonisation of radar separation values as an ECAC Objective in the document, signed by the Transport Ministers in Paris on the 24 April 1990, which reads
”En-route radar separation of 5 NM is to be applied throughout high-density areas by 1995 at the latest. Elsewhere, en-route radar separation of 10 NM is to be applied by the same date.”
The horizontal radar separation minimum may, if so prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, be reduced to 3 NM when radar capabilities at a given location so permit (ICAO, Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services).
Made aware of the fact that the en-route system is only part of the problem, but that also the way in which traffic is handled within and around airports is contributing to the capacity of the air transport system, the ECAC Ministers decided to start in parallel to the previous programme a separate complementary one for airport and air traffic service interface : APATSI. Meanwhile APATSI ceased to exist as a separate programme and has been absorbed in EATCHIP. However, its major objectives remained unchanged. Amongst these the APATSI programme emphasised the acceptance of the current ICAO Standards and implementation of separation criteria not in excess of the prescribed separation minima : as a minimum,
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