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-precise track state variables (refer to Tracker Benchmark Tests)
-high integrity
- high track reliability (always one and only one track per target present)
-high availability
3.2 The Tracker Benchmark Tests
For each major release the TS is submitted to a performance benchmark test, supplemented with visual screen/plotting observations.
The benchmark tests are performed using a real-time simulation facility, which is a constituent part of the MADAP RDPS. The simulator allows to realistically navigate a set of targets along ATS routes or off-route, and to generate realistic plots for up to 32 radars in real-time, synchronous to the antenna revolution.
The plots are generated precisely emulating the radar behaviour, by using systematic errors, radar noise parameters and coverage characteristics as obtained by preceding off-line RASS evaluations.
The target trajectories can be interactively adapted by pilot input commands, or alternatively can execute a priory defined command chains (e.g. to compose highly manoeuvring flight paths) or automatically follow correlated flight plan routes.
There exists mutual client/server relations between TS and Simulator, running on different platforms. The simulator emulates the RADNET environment, together with the attached radar devices. The plots generated are submitted to the TS. The Simulator on its turn is one of the clients of the Air Situation Picture produced and disseminated by the TS.
The Simulator contains inter-ail a Statistics Subsystem, which calculates for every individual track update the TRUE state variables for the target concerned and compares the track estimated state variables to the true values, for the same point in time (asynchronous from plot generation).
Adequate statistical processing yields, amongst others, reliable assessments for the mean and standard deviations for position, ground speed and heading errors. The aforementioned deviations are also compared to a set of a priori defined maximum thresholds, which are a function of the Mode of Flight. The scores obtained represent the measured frequency of a deviation between track and true value lower than the relevant threshold.
All statistical figures are automatically printed at the end of the simulator session, per individual flight and for groups of flights. A typical benchmark duration is approx. two hours.
More detailed statistical analysis of the transient behaviour of the tracer, when switching between Modes of Flight, can be performed via supplementary off-line tools, using the recordings made during the on-line benchmark.
An example containing the description and results of a benchmark, which was used in the context of the procurement of the RFS (Radar Fallback System) is provided in Appendix 1. In this particular RFS context, only a limited set of eight conventional long range radars were used (sliding window type extractors).
Some salient results, having an significant impact on the choice of minimum separation values, are extracted from Appendix 1 and depicted in the tables below:
En-route Flights 
Parameter:  Value: 
Mean Position Error  0.05 NM 
Standard Deviation Position Error  0.05 NM 
Pos. Dev < 0.25 NM for non-manoeuvre phase  99.55 % 
Pos. Dev < 1 NM for manoeuvre phases  100 % 

Mean Speed Error  0.0 kts 
Standard Deviation Speed Error  2.6 kts 
Speed Dev. < 20 kts(non-manoeuvre phase)  99.98 % 
Speed Dev. < 70 kts(manoeuvre phases)  100% 

Mean Heading Error  0.09 dg 
Standard Dev Heading Error  2.99 dg 

Highly manoeuvring flights 
Parameter:  Value: 
Mean Position Error  0.06 NM 
Standard Deviation Position Error  0.08 NM 
Pos. Dev < 0.25 NM for non-manoeuvre phase  99.51 % 
　
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