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-the reduction of separation on final approach to 2.5 NM
-reduction of centreline spacing for independent IFR
parallel operations; and
-reduced diagonal separation for dependent IFR runway
operations should be pursued...”.
This document defines some methods by which all States, in accordance with their ATC complexity levels, can apply the radar separation minima. It shows which performance parameter and Standards, linked to the CIP Objectives and Deliverables in the various Domains, should be implemented before the appropriate ATS authority is able to calculate and measure the whole system performance, in terms of risk of collision per flight hour, and approve 2,5NM/3NM/5NM/10NM radar separation minima.
Several Convergence and Implementation Objectives have to be linked together and simultaneously completed in order to reach the full ECAC Objectives as previously described. Both mono and multi-radar environments are considered when determining the safety, operational and technical criteria to support the authorised application of the radar separation minima within one sector, between two sectors (same ACC), between two sectors (adjacent ACCs), silent handovers (same/adjacent ACC) and in TMA and on Final Approach Track.
The radar separation minimum is the starting point for applying radar separation between any pair, or larger number, of aircraft. According to ICAO rules -“the radar separation minimum shall be prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority according to the capability of the particular system to accurately identify the aircraft position in relation to the centre of the radar position symbol” (ICAO Doc 4444 Part VI, Par. 7.4.3). This minimum is therefore to be related to the accuracy to which the radar system is capable of representing the aircraft positions on the display. The document addresses this issue in the technical assessment paragraphs.
A radar system is considered to be the combination of a radar sensor(s), radar data processor and radar display.
The nationally authorised minimum radar separation, which is the one which can safely be applied in practice by a particular radar controller, using a particular radar equipment, on a particular day, at a particular time, on a particular sector, under particular traffic conditions and when controlling particular aircraft, can only be assessed by the radar controller himself using the prescribed minimum as a starting point. This is further considered in the paragraphs dealing with operational assessment.
Beginning from a given radar separation minimum it is necessary to determine what radar system errors would be acceptable to apply the given radar separation. This is addressed in the safety assessment paragraphs.
Seven CIP Objectives - 3.4.1 to 3.4.7 - are specifically concerned with the application of radar separation minima in support of different operational ATC functions. The various CIP objectives are listed below against the relevant objective title and definition.
CIP Objective  TITLE  DEFINITION 
3.4.1  Radar Separation within one sector  A radar separation minimum of 5NM/10NM may be applied between aircraft under responsibility of one controller, throughout the area of jurisdiction 
3.4.2  Radar separation for verbal transfer between en-route sectors, in the same ACC  A radar separation minimum of 5NM/10NM may be applied at the time of transfer of control between adjacent en-route sectors, in the same ACC, provided that verbal co-ordination is effected between the transferring and accepting controllers 
3.4.3  Radar separation for verbal transfer between ACCs  A radar separation minimum of 5NM/10NM may be applied at the time of transfer of control between adjacent ACCs, provided that verbal co-ordination is effected between the transferring and accepting controllers 
3.4.4  Silent radar transfer between en-route sectors in the same ACC  A radar separation minimum of 10NM/15NM may be applied between aircraft at the time of transfer of control between en-route sectors in the same ACC, without verbal co-ordination being effected between the transferring and accepting controllers 
　
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