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1.2.7 List and recognise the elements HMI of CWP used for air-ground communication  1  Frequency selection, emergency, station selection, coupling, microphone, headset, loudspeaker, short time recorder, footswitch, PTT 
1.2.8 List future developments of voice communication techniques  1  VDL Mode 3, channel spacing, new modulations, satellite voice communications, digitised speech, etc. 
1.2.9 List future developments and techniques which may have an impact on ATC voice communications  1  e.g. CPDLC, ADS, Mode S ,VDL Modes 2 and 4, etc. 
1.3 Ground-Ground  1.3.1 State ATC requirements for secure voice communications  1  Safety implications, malicious interference, redundancy 
1.3.2 Describe the functions and the basic operations of routing and switching equipment  2  General architecture, digital/analogue, multiplex types, PCM 30, non-blocking switches 
1.3.3 Describe how ground-ground systems interface to provide an integrated service to ATC operations  2  WAN, AFTN, AIS, international links, inter-centre interoperability 
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TOPIC SUBTOPIC  Objectives Students shall ...  L  CONTENT 
1.3.4 Describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the purpose and operation of the elements of a typical system  2  Functionality, emergency systems, switching, PTT interfaces, local PABX equipment, multi-frequency code and Qsig 
1.3.5 Recognise the elements of the CWP used for ground-ground communication  1  Selection, coupling, emergency, PTT, short time recorder, loudspeaker, headset, microphone 
1.3.6 List developments in ground-ground communication technologies which may impact on ATC  1  e.g. networks (ATN, etc.), protocols (TCP/IP, voice over IP) future development, etc. 
2 Data Communications 
2.1 Introduction to Data Communications  2.1.1 Explain the purpose and principles of data communication systems  2  Terminology, principles and theory of networks, layering (e.g. OSI or TCP/IP), datalinks, LAN, WAN 
2.1.2 Describe the concepts of data transmission  2  Packet switching, protocols, multiplexing, de-multiplexing, error detection and correction, routing, switching, hops, cost, bandwidth/speed 
2.1.3 Describe, using an overall block schematic, the function and the performance of the systems in use  2  Redundant routes, speed, reliability, error rates 
2.1.4 Explain basic concepts of the connectivity of systems  2  Terminology, principles and theory of networks, layering (e.g. OSI or TCP/IP), datalinks, LAN, topology, gateways, routers, repeaters, protocols 
2.1.5 Describe basic associated software functions/applications  2 

TOPIC SUBTOPIC  Objectives Students shall ...  L  CONTENT 
2.1.6 List protocols in current use  1  e.g. TCP/IP, X.25 
2.2 Networks  2.2.1 Be aware of ATC specific requirements for data communications 2.2.2 Describe the different types of networks 2.2.3 Describe the functions of a network management system  0 2 2  QoS, security LAN, WAN, ATN, national network for ATM, e.g. satellite-dedicated networks Priorities, rights, e.g. SNMP 
2.3 Aviation Specific Networks, Applications and Service Providers  2.3.1 List a range of air-ground aviation related network concepts 2.3.2 List a range of ground-ground aviation related network concepts  1 1  Sub-networks (ATN air ground sub-network, AMSS, VDL, HFDL, Mode S), protocols (ACARS), service providers (ARINC, SITA) Networks (AFTN/CIDIN, MOTNE, OLDI, RAPNET, ATN, AMHS), protocols (ASTERIX, etc.), service providers (ARINC, SITA) 

Subject 4: DATA PROCESSING
The general objective is:
To provide a basic foundation knowledge and understanding of the principles used in data processing and an overview of their use in ATM operations.
　
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