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was not a problem. Good flow of information when the flight’s complexity increased with the
late runway change. They really stepped it up.
The big knock against this crew involved checklists, cross verifications, and all monitoring in general.
They were a little too complacent during low workload periods (e.g., No altitude verifications during
climb). The CA set a poor example in this regard.
During predeparture, the CA introduced an unnecessary element of being rushed, which compromised
workload management. However, his decisiveness and coordination in the descent/approach/land
phase kept his leadership from being marked “marginal.”
1 2 3 4
Poor
Observed performance had
safety implications
Marginal
Observed performance was
barely adequate
Good
Observed performance was
effective
Outstanding
Observed performance was
truly noteworthy
Overall Behavioral Markers Rating
COMMUNICATION
ENVIRONMENT
Environment for open communication was
established and maintained
- Good cross talk – flow of information
was fluid, clear, and direct 4
LEADERSHIP Captain showed leadership and
coordinated flight deck activities
- In command, decisive, and
encouraged crew participation 3
Did you observe a flight attendant briefing on the
first leg of the pairing? (Check one)
Yes Rating
No
No opportunity to
observe X
CA FO
Contribution to Crew Effectiveness 2 3
Overall Crew Effectiveness
Rating
3
SAMPLE
FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY
A-10 Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA)
Copyright  2002 The University of Texas at Austin. All rights reserved.
Threat Management Worksheet
Threats — Events or errors that originate outside the influence of the flightcrew but require
active crew management to maintain safety
Threat ID
Threat Description Threat Management
Describe the threat Threat
Code
Phase of flight
1 Predepart/Taxi
2 Takeoff/Climb
3 Cruise
4 Des/App/Land
5 Taxi-in
Effectively
managed?
(Yes / No)
How did the crew manage or mismanage the threat?
T 1 Runway and taxiway construction on
their departing runway (final 2000’)
4 1 No Threat mismanaged — CA failed to talk about the construction and
closures in his brief. No plans in place in the event of a RTO.
T 2 Late ATC runway change — changed
runway to 24R from 25L due to a slow
moving aircraft on 25L
50 4 Yes Threat managed — CA reprogrammed the FMC, handled the
radios, and placed emphasis on the FO to fly the aircraft.
T 3 ATC called back and told the crew that
it was at their discretion to land on 24R
or 25L
50 4 Yes Threat managed — CA asked for the FO’s preference. They
mutually decided to continue the approach into 24R because it was
already in the box.
T 4 Heavy congestion going into LAX 3 4 Yes Threat managed — The crew closely monitored the traffic with
the help of ATC and TCAS.
T __
Threat Codes
Departure / Arrival Threats
1 Adverse weather / turbulence / IMC
2 Terrain
3 Traffic — Air or ground congestion, TCAS
warnings
4 Airport — construction, signage, ground
conditions
5 TCAS RA/TA
Aircraft Threats
20 Aircraft malfunction
21 Automation event or anomaly
22 Communication event — radios, ATIS, ACARS
Operational Threats
30 Operational time pressure —
delays, OTP, late arriving pilot or
aircraft
31 Missed approach
32 Flight diversion
33 Unfamiliar airport
34 Other non-normal operation
events— max gross wt. T/O,
rejected T/O
Cabin Threats
40 Cabin event / distraction / interruption
41 Flight attendant error
ATC Threats
50 ATC command — challenging clearances, late
changes
51 ATC error
52 ATC language difficulty
53 ATC non-standard phraseology
54 ATC radio congestion
55 Similar call signs
Crew Support Threats
80 MX event
81 MX error
82 Ground handling event
83 Ground crew error
84 Dispatch/ paperwork event
85 Dispatch / paperwork error
86 Crew scheduling event
87 Manuals / charts incomplete /
incorrect
99 Other Threats
SAMPLE
FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY
Appendix A. Examples of the various forms utilized by LOSA A-11
Copyright  2002 The University of Texas at Austin. All rights reserved.
Error Management Worksheet Error ID
Error Description Error Response / Outcome
Describe the crew error and associated
　
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