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an “I” configuration. (See FIG 5−4−3 and
FIG 5−4−10). Further, the leg lengths associated with
the outboard IAFs may differ. (See FIG 5−4−5 and
FIG 5−4−6).
4. Another modification of the “T” design may
be found at airports with parallel runway configurations.
Each parallel runway may be served by its own
“T” IAF, IF (IAF), and FAF combination, resulting in
parallel final approach courses. (See FIG 5−4−4).
Common IAFs may serve both runways; however,
only the intermediate and final approach segments for
the landing runway will be shown on the approach
chart. (See FIG 5−4−5 and FIG 5−4−6).
7/31/08 AIM
AIM 2/14/08
5−4−8 Arrival Procedures
FIG 5−4−1
Basic “T” Design
FIG 5−4−2
Basic “T” Design
2/14/08 AIM
Arrival Procedures 5-4-9
FIG 5-4-3
Modified Basic “T”
FIG 5-4-4
Modified “T” Approach to Parallel Runways
AIM 2/14/08
5-4-10 Arrival Procedures
FIG 5-4-5
“T” Approach with Common IAFs to Parallel Runways
FIG 5-4-6
“T” Approach with Common IAFs to Parallel Runways
2/14/08 AIM
Arrival Procedures 5-4-11
FIG 5-4-7
TAA Area
5. The standard TAA consists of three areas
defined by the extension of the IAF legs and the
intermediate segment course. These areas are called
the straight-in, left-base, and right-base areas. (See
FIG 5-4-7). TAA area lateral boundaries are
identified by magnetic courses TO the IF (IAF). The
straight-in area can be further divided into
pie-shaped sectors with the boundaries identified by
magnetic courses TO the IF (IAF), and may contain
stepdown sections defined by arcs based on RNAV
distances (DME or ATD) from the IF (IAF). The
right/left-base areas can only be subdivided using
arcs based on RNAV distances from the IAFs for
those areas. Minimum MSL altitudes are charted
within each of these defined areas/subdivisions that
provide at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance, or
more as necessary in mountainous areas.
(a) Prior to arriving at the TAA boundary, the
pilot can determine which area of the TAA the aircraft
will enter by selecting the IF (IAF) to determine the
magnetic bearing TO the center IF (IAF). That
bearing should then be compared with the published
bearings that define the lateral boundaries of the TAA
areas. Using the end IAFs may give a false indication
of which area the aircraft will enter. This is critical
when approaching the TAA near the extended
boundary between the left and right-base areas,
especially where these areas contain different
minimum altitude requirements.
(b) Pilots entering the TAA and cleared by air
traffic control, are expected to proceed directly to the
IAF associated with that area of the TAA at the
altitude depicted, unless otherwise cleared by air
traffic control. Cleared direct to an Initial Approach
Fix (IAF) without a clearance for the procedure does
not authorize a pilot to descend to a lower TAA
altitude. If a pilot desires a lower altitude without an
approach clearance, request the lower TAA altitude.
If a pilot is not sure of what they are authorized or
expected to do by air traffic, they should ask air traffic
or request a specific clearance. Pilots entering the
TAA with two-way radio communications failure
(14 CFR Section91.185, IFR Operations: Two-way
Radio Communications Failure), must maintain the
highest altitude prescribed by Section91.185(c)(2)
until arriving at the appropriate IAF.
AIM 2/14/08
5-4-12 Arrival Procedures
FIG 5-4-8
Sectored TAA Areas
(c) Depiction of the TAA on U.S. Government
charts will be through the use of icons located
in the plan view outside the depiction of the actual
approach procedure. (See FIG 5-4-9). Use of icons
is necessary to avoid obscuring any portion of the “T”
procedure (altitudes, courses, minimum altitudes,
etc.). The icon for each TAA area will be located and
oriented on the plan view with respect to the direction
of arrival to the approach procedure, and will show all
TAA minimum altitudes and sector/radius subdivisions
for that area. The IAF for each area of the TAA
is included on the icon where it appears on the
approach, to help the pilot orient the icon to the
approach procedure. The IAF name and the distance
of the TAA area boundary from the IAF are included
on the outside arc of the TAA area icon. Examples
　
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