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IF IN DOUBT, USE INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL
INSTRUCTIONS
2
3
4
5
S O S
1. Lay out symbols by using strips of fabric or parachutes, pieces of wood, stones, or any available material.
2. Provide as much color contrast as possible between material used for symbols and background against which symbols are exposed.
3. Symbols should be at least 10 feet high or larger. Care should be taken to lay out symbols exactly as shown.
4. In addition to using symbols, every effort is to be made to attract attention by means of radio, flares, smoke, or other available means.
5. On snow covered ground, signals can be made by dragging, shoveling or tramping. Depressed areas forming symbols will
appear black from the air.
6. Pilot should acknowledge message by rocking wings from side to side.
FIG 6-2-2
Ground-Air Visual Code for use by Ground Search Parties
L L L
L L
X X
N N
NO. MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Operation completed.
We have found all personnel.
We have found only some personnel.
We are not able to continue.
Returning to base.
Have divided into two groups.
Each proceeding in direction indicated.
Information received that aircraft is in this direction.
Nothing found. Will continue search.
Note: These visual signals have been accepted for international use and appear in Annex 12 to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation.
2/14/08 AIM
Emergency Services Available to Pilots 6-2-9
FIG 6-2-3
Urgent Medical Assistance
NEED MEDICAL
ASSISTANCE-URGENT
Used only when life is at stake
FIG 6-2-4
All OK
ALL OK-DO NOT WAIT
Wave one arm overhead
FIG 6-2-5
Short Delay
CAN PROCEED SHORTLY
WAIT IF PRACTICABLE
One arm horizontal
FIG 6-2-6
Long Delay
NEED MECHANICAL HELP
OR PARTS - LONG DELAY
Both arms horizontal
AIM 2/14/08
6-2-10 Emergency Services Available to Pilots
FIG 6-2-7
Drop Message
Make throwing motion
FIG 6-2-8
Receiver Operates
OUR RECEIVER IS
OPERATING
Cup hands over ears
FIG 6-2-9
Do Not Land Here
DO NOT ATTEMPT
TO LAND HERE
Both arms waved across face
FIG 6-2-10
Land Here
LAND HERE
Both arms forward horizontally,
squatting and point in direction
of landing - Repeat
2/14/08 AIM
Emergency Services Available to Pilots 6-2-11
FIG 6-2-11
Negative (Ground)
NEGATIVE (NO)
White cloth waved horizontally
FIG 6-2-12
Affirmative (Ground)
AFFIRMATIVE (YES)
White cloth waved vertically
FIG 6-2-13
Pick Us Up
PICK US UPPLANE
ABANDONED
Both arms vertical
FIG 6-2-14
Affirmative (Aircraft)
Affirmative reply from aircraft:
AFFIRMATIVE (YES)
Dip nose of plane several times
AIM 2/14/08
6-2-12 Emergency Services Available to Pilots
FIG 6-2-15
Negative (Aircraft)
NEGATIVE (NO)
Fishtail plane
Negative reply from aircraft:
FIG 6-2-16
Message received and understood (Aircraft)
Message received and understood by aircraft:
Day or moonlight - Rocking wings
Night - Green flashed from signal lamp
FIG 6-2-17
Message received and NOT understood (Aircraft)
Message received and NOT understood by aircraft:
Day or moonlight - Making a complete right-hand circle
Night-Red flashes from signal lamp.
2/14/08 AIM
Distress and Urgency Procedures 6-3-1
Section 3. Distress and Urgency Procedures
6-3-1. Distress and Urgency
Communications
a. A pilot who encounters a distress or urgency
condition can obtain assistance simply by contacting
the air traffic facility or other agency in whose area of
responsibility the aircraft is operating, stating the
nature of the difficulty, pilot's intentions and
assistance desired. Distress and urgency communications
procedures are prescribed by the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), however, and
have decided advantages over the informal procedure
described above.
b. Distress and urgency communications procedures
discussed in the following paragraphs relate to
the use of air ground voice communications.
c. The initial communication, and if considered
necessary, any subsequent transmissions by an
aircraft in distress should begin with the signal
MAYDAY, preferably repeated three times. The
signal PAN-PAN should be used in the same manner
for an urgency condition.
d. Distress communications have absolute priority
over all other communications, and the word
　
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