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various test tool measures debug, BITE, spectrum analyzer,
vector voltmeter, oscilloscope,
etc.
7) Operate test tools to analyze the
system
3 Vector voltmeter, oscilloscope
8) Design a radar network comprised 4 Fault tolerance, redundancy ofof
four radar sites feeding two control line equipment, software fallback
units, with full redundancy capability
9) Characterize system degradations 2 Saturation, late plots, DRC,
latency
6. Transmitters 1) Describe the basic characteristics 2 Timing, coherency, modulation,
of a transmitter pulse width, pulse energy,
frequency agility power output
devices (details of pro-cons)
2) Describe the signals at all key 2 Supply, EHT, RF source
points in a block diagram (appropriate to type chosen),
modulation, interlocks, BITE
3) Draw and explain a generic 1/2 Klystron, magnetron, travelling
transmitter block diagram for both
a compressed and
non-compressed system
wave tube, solid state
4) List the possible failures and 1 Arcing, corona discharge,
where they can occur with component stress, control loops,
reference to the block diagram isolation
Example design for HV
stabilization
5) Describe the constraints and 2 Corona discharge, dielectric
problems on the high voltage stress, isolation, arcing, ageing,
circuitry interlocks, stability (including
control loop), health and safety
6) Describe methods to diagnose 2 Crystal detectors, spectrum
faults Analyzer, calorimeter, power
meters, BITE
7) Operate measuring equipment 3 Crystal detectors, spectrum
Analyzer, calorimeter, power
meters, BITE
8) Using special techniques, detect 4 Crystal detectors, spectrum
faults Analyzer, calorimeter, power
meters, BITE
Advance first edition (unedited) version – 30 August 2009
85
Topic Intermediate Objectives
The students should be able to:
Level Content
7. Characteristics of
Primary Targets
1) Describe the characteristics of a
primary target
2 Backscatter, radar cross section,
reflectivity, stealth technologies,
aspect, doppler shift
8. Receivers 1) Describe the basic characteristics
of a receiver
2) Draw and explain a generic
receiver block diagram
3) Explain the importance of STC
4) Describe the special testing
methods and techniques which
are required
2
1/2
2
2
Low noise, high dynamic range,
bandwidth, detection, frequency,
sensitivity, selectivity
LNTA, local oscillator, coherent
oscillator, down mixing, filtering,
rejection, IF, PSD, AGC, STC,
beam switching, BITE
Saturation, RF-IF dynamic range
Termination, crystal detector,
range azimuth triggering, test
target injection, power
measurement, spectrum analyzer
9. Plot Extractions 1) Describe the basic function of a
data processor
2 Plot extraction (range bin reports,
range correlation, azimuth
correlation), target reports,
weather vector generation, sliding
window, centre of gravity
10.Signal Processing 1) Describe the basic functions of a
modern radar signal processor
2 A/D-Conversion, I/Q-matching,
target detection, detection criteria
(fixed, adaptive), MTD and cluttermaps
11.Surveillance
Processing
1) Describe the processing
techniques to improve the quality
of target reports using scan to
scan information
2 Tracking, environment mapping,
adaptive feedback to extraction
parameters
12.Displays 1) Describe the basics of PPI
displays with long persistence
phosphor and electronic retiming
2 Plan position indicator (PPI), time
basis, re-scanners, video data
13.Control Tests and
Monitoring
1) Describe testing possibilities 2 BITE System in modern
equipment (online, offline), SASS
(C&F)
14.Unique
Characteristics of
Primary Radar
1) Explain the basic principles of
electromagnetism, propagation,
signal detectability, power
generation and distribution,
problems on transmitters and
receivers (general)
2) Describe the radar in the ATC
environment
2
2
Basic Fundamentals
Frequency and phase,
electromagnetic radiation,
spectrum and bandwidth, noise,
powertubes, waveguide-problems
Non safety critical element, target
identification, operational
coverage area, relative and
absolute accuracy
15.PAR 1) Explain the basic principles of
PAR
2 Elevation and azimuth scanning
(mechanical, electronic) capable
of approach guidance
independently of avionics
　
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