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regard to route and altitude to ensure adequate enroute and terminal area terrain
clearance.
3. ICAO Cold Temperature Error Table:
The following table derived from ICAO formulas indicates how much error can
exist when the temperature is extremely cold. To use the table, find the reported
temperature in the left column, then read across the top row to locate the height
above the airport/reporting station (i.e., subtract the airport/reporting elevation
from the intended flight altitude). The intersection of the column and row is how
much lower the airplane may actually be as a result of the possible cold
temperature induced error.
Reported
Temp (°C)
Height Above Airport (Feet)
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000
+10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 40 60 80 90
0 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 90 120 170 230 280
-10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 290 390 490
-20 30 50 60 70 90 100 120 130 140 210 280 420 570 710
-30 40 60 80 100 120 130 150 170 190 280 380 570 760 950
-40 50 80 100 120 150 170 190 220 240 360 480 720 970 1210
OPERATING MANUAL
03-08-00 EXPANDED NORMAL PROCEDURES
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Revision 7
Reported
Temp (°C)
Height Above Airport (Feet)
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000
-50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 450 590 890 1190 1500
4. Implications / Actions:
The possible result of the above example should be obvious, particularly if
operating at the minimum altitude or when conducting an instrument approach.
When operating in extreme cold temperatures, pilots may wish to compensate for
the reduction in terrain clearance by adding a cold temperature correction.
03-08-110: Use Of The Rudder In Flight
Flight crews should use caution when operating the rudder in flight. The rudder limiter
design protects the vertical fin for prolonged maximum rudder inputs in a single direction
only. If the rudder is deflected to maximum deflection then suddenly reversed to the
maximum deflection in the opposite direction, the vertical fin can be overstressed.
Additionally, the vertical fin can be overstressed by a pilot “walking” the rudder either
abruptly or in small increments in tune with the yaw response. The issue is magnified at
high speed.
There are three rules of thumb to follow when using the rudder in flight:
• Maximum deflection of the rudder in a single direction may be used to control the
airplane when needed such as in the case of an engine failure at takeoff. Do not
return the rudder past neutral when completing this maneuver.
• Do not walk the rudder in tune with the yaw response either with abrupt or smooth
inputs.
• If you follow the above two rules and continue to fly the airplane within the
published envelope using normal airmanship, you will not overstress the airplane.
NOTE:
Small rudder doublets for the purposes of flight test of
yaw damper effectiveness and response are allowed.
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EXPANDED NORMAL PROCEDURES 03-08-00
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OPERATING MANUAL
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CHAPTER 04 - MESSAGES AND ANNUNCIATIONS PROCEDURES
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
ATA PAGE DATE
04-00-00 1 May 31/00
04-00-00 2 May 31/00
04-01-00 1 May 31/00
04-01-00 2 May 31/00
04-01-00 3 May 31/00
04-01-00 4 May 31/00
04-01-00 5 May 31/00
04-01-00 6 May 31/00
04-02-00 1 October 11/01
04-02-00 2 October 11/01
04-02-00 3 October 11/01
04-02-00 4 October 11/01
04-02-00 5 October 11/01
04-02-00 6 October 11/01
*04-03-00 1 October 11/02
*04-03-00 2 October 11/02
*04-03-00 3 October 11/02
*04-03-00 4 October 11/02
*04-03-00 5 October 11/02
*04-03-00 6 October 11/02
*04-03-00 7 October 11/02
*04-03-00 8 October 11/02
*04-03-00 9 October 11/02
*04-03-00 10 October 11/02
*04-03-00 11 October 11/02
*04-03-00 12 October 11/02
*04-03-00 13 October 11/02
*04-03-00 14 October 11/02
*04-03-00 15 October 11/02
*04-03-00 16 October 11/02
*04-03-00 17 October 11/02
*04-03-00 18 October 11/02
**04-03-00 19 October 11/02
**04-03-00 20 October 11/02
04-04-00 1 May 30/02
04-04-00 2 May 30/02
04-04-00 3 May 30/02
04-04-00 4 May 30/02
04-04-00 5 May 30/02
04-04-00 6 May 30/02
04-04-00 7 May 30/02
04-04-00 8 May 30/02
OPERATING MANUAL
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
Page 1
October 11/02
Revision 8
* Pages revised by Revision 8
　
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