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found by the UA’s sensors. In April 1999, the then-USBP sponsored an evaluation of four types of UA
(fixed-wing, helicopter, hand-launched, and powered parafoil) near Laredo, Texas. The results of the 36
sorties flown convinced the USBP that small UA did not fully meet their needs, although cooperation
with the Pioneer deployments continued. CBP use of a medium altitude endurance UA (Hermes 450)
during the 2004 Arizona Border Control Initiative (ABCI) proved more successful and led to follow-on
use of a similar UA (Hunter) to patrol the southern border at night.
IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT
The Air and Marine Operations (AMO) branch of ICE sponsored Operation Safeguard in 2003 in
response to the Secretary of Homeland Security’s May 2003 direction to evaluate UA for DHS
applications. During the 14 days of Safeguard, an Air Force MQ-9 Predator B flew 15 missions from
Gila Bend, AZ, contributing to the capture of 22 illegal aliens, 3 vehicles, and 2300 pounds of marijuana.
This provided DHS with its initial experience with a medium altitude (17,000 feet) endurance UA, and
Predator B proved to be a complementary adjunct to AMO’s helicopters in detecting and apprehending
criminals along the southern border.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX J – UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES
Page J-1
APPENDIX J: UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES
JOINT ROBOTICS PROGRAM (JRP)
Origins and UGV Focus
In 1990, at the direction of the Senate Appropriations Committee, the Office of the Secretary of Defense
(OSD) consolidated all of the Services’ Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) projects into the Joint
Robotics Program (JRP). The consolidation allowed OSD to focus the efforts in a single point of
responsibility for the management of funding, to coordinate technology thrusts for research and
development, to identify and resolve common issues, and to leverage the synergy of the projects. OSD
was expected to provide policy and program direction. The FY1990 language stated that OSD should
oversee a consolidated program, concentrate on establishing definitive, robotics operational requirements
and pursue critical technologies to satisfy these requirements.
In FY2003, Congress reaffirmed the program direction and continuing OSD oversight by providing an
additional $24 M in funding and emphasizing the need to “expeditiously test, produce, and field
technologically mature robots and other unmanned vehicles for use in combat.” In FY2004, Congress
added $12.6 M in additional funding to sustain and accelerate program objectives (see Figure J-1).
FY2005 Congressional adds showed continued interest in unmanned systems by increasing the
President’s Budget by $30 M to $55 M. Additionally, Congress, through the FY2005 Authorization,
required that OSD report on the need for one or more national centers of excellence for unmanned aircraft
and ground vehicles, further reinforcing their interest in the long term infrastructure investment strategy
of OSD.
Dollars (Millions)
Fiscal Year
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
6.3 6.4
FIGURE J-1. JRP FUNDING HISTORY.
Program Structure
The current management structure of the JRP is shown below in Figure J-2. The JRP stresses cooperation
among program managers (who represent all four Services), the elimination of duplicative efforts, and
ensures information sharing among the geographically dispersed offices. For more information about the
Joint Robotics Program, see the website at: http://www.jointrobotics.com.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX J – UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES
Page J-2
FIGURE J-2. JRP MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE.
UGVs in Joint Warfighting and Transformation
The Services have recognized a critical warfighting role for both current and future unmanned ground
systems. More robotic systems are being deployed today than ever before and the trend continues to rise.
Service transformation plans, as well as current operations in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) feature
unmanned systems prominently. The Services continue to develop overarching warfighting concepts that
depend on unmanned systems (air, ground, marine) working collaboratively to achieve success on
tomorrow’s battlefields. These systems, as articulated in the programs below, are envisioned to
contribute to increased mission effectiveness and are planned for integration into Service force structures:
􀂾 Joint Service – Man-Transportable Robotic System (MTRS)
􀂾 Army – Future Force: Future Combat Systems (FCS)
􀂾 Marines/Navy – Autonomous Operations: Gladiator Tactical Unmanned Ground Vehicle (TUGV)
　
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