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automatically manage the RF domain.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-10
JTRS Groupings. Service acquisition requirements for JTRS are grouped according to similarity of
requirements and fielding schedules. These groups are currently referred to as “clusters.” Of special
interest to the UA community are Cluster 1 and Cluster AMF, which provide airborne secure voice and
data communications.
􀂾 Cluster 1. Provides a multi-channel software programmable, hardware-configurable digital radio
networking system, and supports requirements from the Army Aviation Rotary Wing, Air Force
Tactical Control Party (TACP), and Army and USMC Ground Vehicular platforms. In FY07, the
Navy will begin fielding an SCA compliant CDL (TCDL), using a JTRS Cluster 1 terminal equipped
with a high-band module.
􀂾 Cluster AMF. The Cluster 3 (Maritime/Fixed station) and Cluster 4 (Airborne) programs merged to
form the JTRS Airborne, Maritime, and Fixed Station (AMF) cluster. AMF will provide SCA
compliant airborne, maritime and fixed station JTRS hardware suites for all services enabling
seamless connectivity to the GIG. Block 2 will provide for narrowband and wideband requirements,
including the JTRS WNW.
JTRS Features
􀂾 Open, flexible, extensible, and modular networks with both Red side and Black side services
􀂾 Well-defined interfaces for third party augmentation
􀂾 Interoperability with other GIG networks (TSAT, GIG-BE) in a coordinated approach across all
Services
􀂾 WNW, a self-organizing, self-healing network
Wideband Networking Waveform
Several networking radios exist today, securely moving voice and data between airborne and ground
elements. Some examples are the Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS),
Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), and Link 16. SINCGARS is a self-organizing,
self-healing, IP based network. Data is routed from radio to radio on the net, until it reaches its final
destination. SINCGAR’s comparatively low data rate, 500bit/s to 15Kbit/s, while adequate to support a
sub network of limited size, cannot adequately connect multiple subnets forming a larger, battlefield
internet.
The JTRS WNW, one of many JTRS waveforms, along with a suitably configured JTRS radio, will
provide the required broadband backbone to connect subnets such as SINCGARS. A WNW equipped
UA, acting as an airborne backbone, would significantly increase the data throughput of a collection of
SINCGARS subnets. The WNW threshold data throughput rate is 2 Mbit/s. Its objective throughput rate
is at least 5 Mbit/s. WNW will be able to tailor its transmission data rate to match the receiving radio data
capacity.
In addition to providing a backbone, linking ground based, battlefield subnets, WNW creates airborne and
ship borne extensions to the GIG, supporting free flow of data through a dynamic, adaptable, IP-based
wireless network. The WNW routing capability will support constantly changing network topologies as
well as radio silent (receive only) nodes.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-11
R R R
R R
R R
Land Line
(wire or fiber)
Ground
Based
Radio
Local Area
Network
People
Weapons
Sensors
UGS
R R
Tier 1
Team
Coverage
R = JTRS Internet Router
(Wideband Network Waveform)
JTRS
JTRS
JTRS
FIGURE C-5. JTRS GROUND AND AIRBORNE NETWORKS.
Figure C-5 illustrates a high level view of JTRS enabled ground and airborne networks. Table C-1
provides a summary of WNW features.
TABLE C-1. WNW FEATURES.
Data throughput – Threshold/Objective >2 Mbit/s->5 Mbit/s
Frequency Range 225-400 MHz
Transmission Ranges (kilometers/nautical miles) Air-to-Air 370/200
Air-to-Ground 370/200
Ground-to-Ground 10/5.4
Ship-to-Ship 28/15
Ship-to-Shore 28/15
Transformational Communications Architecture
Recent experience in Afghanistan and Iraq, operating Predators and Global Hawks, underscored the
critical role SATCOM plays in providing over the horizon UA command and control as well as sensor
product dissemination. DoD owned SATCOM assets, however, could not support the high data rates
required to move imagery products.
DoD leased SATCOM channels from commercial vendors to make up for the shortfall in DoD controlled
SATCOM capacity, which exposed the UA operations to some elements of risk.
􀂾 DoD faces increasing competition for available SATCOM channels from the private sector
􀂾 SATCOM channels are not always available in the required location
　
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