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difficult to involve users directly

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Because of the great flexibility and potential accuracy of this method the range of the possible simulation objective is extremely large (from capacity and feasibility evaluation to sophisticated human factor and safety measurements). For this reason, the design team should take consideration of the following principles when setting up the simulation objectives. The objectives should -:
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be specific and limited

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be measurable and realistic

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not aim to test too many things in one simulation

After deciding on the simulation objectives the design and simulation teams should complete the following actions:

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define the scenario in general terms and ascertain their feasibility.

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decide on the number of assessments required

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estimate the time and resources needed

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set target and the completion deadline

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5.5.1 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
After setting up objectives the design team should decide which parameters should be analysed in order to achieve the simulation objectives. There are two types of data collection methods available for the real-time simulation:
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manual data collection (debriefing, questionnaires, survey)

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automatic data collection (recordings and statistics of RT, radar tracks, controllers and pseudo-pilots inputs, etc)

Usually, both methods are used in conjunction and the comparison of the results is very useful in order to eliminate biases. Simulation teams should be aware that a real time simulation could generate vast amount of information and if recording and storage are not issue, the processing of this data could be a long, laborious and work intensive process. Based on the simulation objectives, the team should decide which data are needed for evaluation/recording. The amount required should be kept within practical limits and available time.
5.5.2 EXERCISE PREPARATION
The real simulation consists of a Base Case and a series of Test Cases. Each case contains:
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Airspace Organisation and Traffic Sample

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ATC environment

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scripts

The number of Test Cases is directly determined by the simulation objectives: complex and ambitious simulation objectives require a large number of variable Airspace Organisations or Traffic Samples, a great number of Test Scenarios will be required to achieve these objectives.
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The Simulation team leader should take into consideration that each Test Case should be run multiple times and the controllers should change their position on each run in order to eliminate as much as possible the biases and to obtain reliable results.
　
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