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This chapter provides an overview of various Validation methods in general, and quantitative validation methods (especially simulation) in particular. Qualitative and Quantitative Validation methods include Assessment, Airspace Modelling, Fast-and Real-Time Simulation, Live ATC Trials and Flight Simulation.
In particular, this introductory chapter seeks to emphasise –
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Where Validation ‘fits’ into the overall Terminal Airspace design project;

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The purpose of Validation; and

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different elements of the processes common to most Validation methods; and

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the fact that different Validation methods are suited to different Validation requirements.

Figure 1 - 1: Roadmap and Validation Methods
Figure 1 - 1, above, shows the place of Validation in the Terminal Airspace design process. Located after the completion of the Design Concept and before Implementation (and Review), the Validation phase may be viewed as the bridge linking ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ (or concept and reality).
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The main objectives of the validation phase are:
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To prove the operational validity of the Terminal Airspace design concept;

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To assess if the design objectives can be achieved by implementation of the concept;

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To identify potential weak points in the design and to develop mitigation measures;

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To provide evidence and proof that the design is safe i.e. to support the Safety Assessment.

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1.2.1 VALIDATION AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTS
Mandatory ICAO and European requirements require states to undertake a safety assessment when making changes to their airspace design. To this end, the member States of ECAC have been required to comply with ESARR/4 since November 2003.
The validation phase of the Terminal Airspace design plays a significant role in the safety assessment process. Most commonly, validation tools are used to provide safety ‘evidence’ for the safety assessment.
Readers are referred to Part C, Chapter 3 where an overview is provided of the safety case approach to safety assessments.
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As will become evident, some of the expressions used in Part D differ slightly to those used in previous Parts of the document. These expressions recognise the fact that Validation-specific expressions exist and are used. Even though most of these expressions ‘originate’ in various validation tools (past and present), their use and meaning have evolved over time and acquired different nuances. Thus there are a variety of expressions in use and most of these are not ‘formally’ defined.
In recognition of this (Validation) reality, Part D therefore uses a limited set of Validation-specific terms:
　
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