曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

FM means fan marker.
GS means glide slope.
HIRL means high-intensity runway light system.
IAS means indicated airspeed.
ICAO means International Civil Aviation Organization.
IFR means instrument .ight rules.
ILS means instrument landing system.
IM means ILS inner marker.
INT means intersection.
LDA means localizer-type directional aid.
LFR means low-frequency radio range.
LMM means compass locator at middle marker.
LOC means ILS localizer.
LOM means compass locator at outer marker.
M means mach number.
MAA means maximum authorized IFR altitude.
MALS means medium intensity approach light system.

MALSR means medium intensity approach light system with runway alignment indi-cator lights.
MCA means minimum crossing altitude.
MDA means minimum descent altitude.
MEA means minimum en route IFR altitude.
MM means ILS middle marker.
MOCA means minimum obstruction clearance altitude.
MRA means minimum reception altitude.
MSL means mean sea level.
NDB(ADF)meansnondirectionalbeacon(automaticdirection .nder).
NOPT means no procedure turn required.
OEI means one engine inoperative.
OM means ILS outer marker.
PAR means precision approach radar.
RAIL means runway alignment indicator light system.
RBN means radio beacon.
RCLM means runway centerline marking.
RCLS means runway centerline light system.
REIL means runway end identi.cation lights.
RR means low or medium frequency radio range station.
RVR means runway visual range as measured in the touchdown zone area.
SALS means short approach light system.
SSALS means simpli.ed short approach light system.
SSALSRmeans simpli.ed short approachlight system with runway alignmentindicator lights.
TACAN means ultra-high frequency tactical air navigational aid.
TAS means true airspeed.
TCAS means a tra.c alert and collision avoidance system.
TDZL means touchdown zone lights.
TVOR means very high frequency terminal omnirange station.
VA means design maneuvering speed.
VB means design speed for maximum gust intensity.
VC means design cruising speed.
VD means design diving speed.
VDF/MDF means demonstrated .ight diving speed.
VEF means the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeo..
VF means design .ap speed.
VFC/MFC means maximum speed for stability characteristics.
VFE means maximum .ap extended speed.
VFTO [means .naltakeo. speed.]
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Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
VH means maximum speed in level .ight with maximum continuous power.
VLE means maximum landing gear extended speed.
VLO means maximum landing gear operating speed.
VLOF means lift-o. speed.
VMC means minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative.
VMO/MMO means maximum operating limit speed.
VMU means minimum unstick speed.
VNE means never-exceed speed.
VNO means maximum structural cruising speed.
VR means rotation speed.
VREF [means reference landingspeed.]
VS means the stalling speed or the minimum steady .ight speed at which the airplane

is controllable. VS0 means the stalling speed or the minimum steady .ight speed in the landing con.-
guration. VSR [means reference stallspeed. VSR0 means reference stall speed in the landing con.guration. VSR1 means reference stall speed in a speci.c con.guration. VSW means speed at which onset of natural or arti.cial stall warning occurs.] VS1 means the stalling speed or the minimum steady .ight speed obtained in a speci.c
con.guration. VTOSS means takeo. safety speed for Category A rotorcraft. VX means speed for best angle of climb. VY means speed for best rate of climb. V1 meansthemaximumspeedinthetakeo.at which thepilot musttakethe .rst action
　
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本文鏈接地址：FAA規章 美國聯邦航空規章 Federal Aviation Regulations 1(16)