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the time an unsuccessful attempt to establish communication
with such aircraft was first made,
whichever is the earlier, or when
2) an aircraft fails to arrive within thirty minutes of the
estimated time of arrival last notified to or estimated
by air traffic services units, whichever is the later,
except when no doubt exists as to the safety of the
aircraft and its occupants.
b) Alert phase when:
1) following the uncertainty phase, subsequent attempts
to establish communication with the aircraft or
inquiries to other relevant sources have failed to
reveal any news of the aircraft, or when
2) an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land
within five minutes of the estimated time of landing
and communication has not been re-established with
the aircraft, or when
3) information has been received which indicates that the
operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired,
but not to the extent that a forced landing is likely,
except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension
as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants, or
when
4) an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of
unlawful interference.
c) Distress phase when:
1) following the alert phase, further unsuccessful attempts
to establish communication with the aircraft and
more widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the
probability that the aircraft is in distress, or when
2) the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted, or to
be insufficient to enable the aircraft to reach safety,
or when
3) information is received which indicates that the
operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired
to the extent that a forced landing is likely, or when
4) information is received or it is reasonably certain that
the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced
landing,
Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 5
1/11/01 5-2
except when there is reasonable certainty that the
aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave
and imminent danger and do not require immediate
assistance.
5.2.2 The notification shall contain such of the following
information as is available in the order listed:
a) INCERFA, ALERFA or DETRESFA, as appropriate to
the phase of the emergency;
b) agency and person calling;
c) nature of the emergency;
d) significant information from the flight plan;
e) unit which made last contact, time and means used;
f) last position report and how determined;
g) colour and distinctive marks of aircraft;
h) any action taken by reporting office;
i) other pertinent remarks.
5.2.2.1 Recommendation.— Such part of the information
specified in 5.2.2, which is not available at the time
notification is made to a rescue coordination centre, should be
sought by an air traffic services unit prior to the declaration
of a distress phase, if there is reasonable certainty that this
phase will eventuate.
5.2.3 Further to the notification in 5.2.1, the rescue
coordination centre shall, without delay, be furnished with:
a) any useful additional information, especially on the
development of the state of emergency through
subsequent phases; or
b) information that the emergency situation no longer
exists.
Note.— The cancellation of action initiated by the rescue
coordination centre is the responsibility of that centre.
5.3 Use of communication facilities
Air traffic services units shall, as necessary, use all available
communication facilities to endeavour to establish and
maintain communication with an aircraft in a state of
emergency, and to request news of the aircraft.
5.4 Plotting aircraft in
a state of emergency
When a state of emergency is considered to exist, the flight of
the aircraft involved shall be plotted on a chart in order to
determine the probable future position of the aircraft and its
maximum range of action from its last known position. The
flights of other aircraft known to be operating in the vicinity
of the aircraft involved shall also be plotted in order to
determine their probable future positions and maximum
endurance.
5.5 Information to the operator
5.5.1 When an area control or a flight information centre
decides that an aircraft is in the uncertainty or the alert phase,
it shall, when practicable, advise the operator prior to notifying
the rescue coordination centre.
Note.— If an aircraft is in the distress phase, the rescue
coordination centre has to be notified immediately in
accordance with 5.2.1.
5.5.2 All information notified to the rescue coordination
　
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