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stndəd tam/ noun the time zone of
the west coast area of the USA and Canada,
8 hours behind Greenwich Mean
Time
pack pack /pk/ noun 1. a detachable system

Circuit packs consist of basic
decision-making elements, referred to
as logic gates, each performing combinational
operations.
A power pack
system is one in which most of the major
components, with the exception of the
actuators and, in some systems, the
pumps, are included in a self-contained
unit. 2. a small package containing a set
number of items
The survival pack
includes heliographs, sea marker dyes,
day/night distress flares and parachute
flares.
pad pad /pd/ noun same as helipad
pair pair /peə/ noun two matched items,
similar in appearance and function
A
brake control valve usually contains
four elements, one pair for the brakes
on each side of the aircraft, to provide
duplicated control.
pancake pancake /pnkek/ (informal) noun
same as pancake landing  verb to
make a pancake landing, or cause an
aircraft to make a pancake landing
pancake landing pancake landing /pnkek
lndŋ/ noun a landing in which an
aircraft drops suddenly straight to the
ground from a low altitude, usually
because of engine failure
panel panel /pn(ə)l/ noun 1. a flat, often
rectangular piece of the skin of the aircraft

Access to the engine compartment
is normally via hinged cowling
panels. 2. a board with switches, dials,
control knobs, etc.
The pilot is trained
to scan an instrument panel.
panic panic /pnk/ noun a sudden overpowering
fear or terror
In order to
prevent mass panic amongst passengers
in an emergency situation, crew may
have to use force.
PAPI PAPI abbreviation precision approach
path indicator
PAR PAR abbreviation precision approach
radar
parachute parachute /prəʃut/ noun a device
used to slow down free fall from an aircraft,
consisting of a light piece of fabric
attached by cords to a harness and
worn or stored folded until used in
descent
parachute flare parachute flare /prəʃut fleə/
noun a distress signal, suspended from
a parachute to allow more time for the
flare to be seen, which is fired to a
height of 1200 ft
parachutist parachutist /prəʃutst/ noun a
person who returns to the ground from
an aircraft using a parachute
parallel parallel /prəlel/ adjective 1. side by
side and having the same distance
between them at every point
As one
aircraft flew round to attempt another
landing, a Boeing 757 was taking off on
the parallel runway.
The runway is
parallel to the main road. 2.  in parallel
arranged so as to join at common
points at each end
When batteries are
connected in parallel, voltage remains
constant but capacity increase.  noun a
line which is parallel to another  parallels
of latitude imaginary lines of
parameter 168
constant latitude around the Earth’s surface
parameter parameter /pə|rmtə/ noun a set of
measurable values such as temperature
which define a system and determine its
behaviour
Parameters required by the
crew to set and monitor engine thrust
are permanently displayed on the
screen.
parasite drag parasite drag /prəsat dr$/
noun a component of total lift, caused
by friction between the airflow and the
structure of the aircraft
Parasite drag
increases as speed increases.
parcel parcel /pɑs(ə)l/ noun a small package
 parcel of air small body of air

When a parcel of air is heated, its volume
increases and its density decreases
thus there is a fall in pressure.
park park /pɑk/ verb to leave a vehicle
such as a car or an aircraft in a particular
place when no one is using it
Park
beside the Cessna 150.
parking brake parking brake /pɑkŋ brek/ noun
a brake that is set, often by hand, when
the aircraft is stationary for a period of
time
Make certain that the parking
brake is on before doing engine run-up
checks.
Light aircraft should be left
with parking brakes off so that they can
be moved quickly in the event of a fire in
the hangar.
partial partial /pɑʃ(ə)l/ adjective in part, not
fully  partial closing of an undercarriage
door not full closing of the doors
 partial filter blockage incomplete
blockage of a filter
particle particle /pɑtk(ə)l/ noun a very
　
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