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After the collision, the engine was
stripped down to its component parts.
stroke stroke /strəυk/ noun any of a series of
movements of a piston from one end of
the limit of its movement to another

The connecting rod links the piston to
the crankshaft and transmits the force
of the power stroke from the piston to
the crankshaft.
structural structural /strktʃ(ə)rəl/ adjective
referring to the structure of something
such as an aircraft
As laid down in the
flight manual, the structural limitations
must never be exceeded.  structural
failure a breaking of part of the aircraft
structure
structure structure /strktʃə/ noun 1. something
constructed
Aircraft structure
serves the same purpose for an aircraft
as the skeleton for a human body. 2.
framework
strut strut /strt/ noun a bar or rod used to
strengthen a structure against forces
from the side
A strut is designed to
withstand compressive loads.
stub stub /stb/ noun a short rectangular
extension
The plan-form of a military
air traffic zone is in the shape of a circle
with a stub.
sub- sub- /sb/ prefix 1. of less importance
in rank 2. below
sub-beam sub-beam /sb bim/ noun a less
important or minor beam
A lobe is one
subject 222
of two, four or more sub-beams that
form a directional radar beam.
subject subject /sbd"kt/ noun a topic or
matter for discussion or study
A
knowledge and understanding of the
subject of ice accretion is essential in
order that the hazard can be minimised.
subjected subjected /səb|d"ektd/ adjective 
subjected to affected by or made to
experience something
To maintain the
pressure difference between two internal
engine sections, which are subjected
to air pressures of different value,
a multi-air seal is used. (NOTE: There is
an important difference between subject
to and subjected to.)
subject to subject to /sb|d"ekt tu/ adjective
likely to be affected by, liable to
The
airspeed indicator is subject to error.

Turbine engines are subject to icing
during flight through super-cooled
droplet cloud.  verb  to subject to to
make something or somebody experience
something, often something
unpleasant
The aircraft was subjected
to rigorous tests.
sublimate sublimate /sblmet/ verb to transform
directly from the solid to the gaseous
state or from the gaseous to the
solid state without becoming a liquid

For hoar frost to form on an aircraft the
airframe temperature must be below
0°C (Celsius), so that the surrounding
air is cooled to below its dew point and
water vapour in contact with the aircraft
skin is directly sublimated into ice
crystals.
sublimation sublimation /sbl|meʃ(ə)n/ noun
transformation directly from the solid to
the gaseous state or from the gaseous to
the solid state without becoming a liquid

In sub-zero conditions sublimation
will occur when air is cooled below
the frost point, producing a deposit of
ice crystals.
sub-scale sub-scale /sb skel/ noun a secondary,
not main, scale on an instrument

The barometric pressure is set
on the sub-scale and the altimeter main
scale displays height or altitude.
subsequent subsequent /sbskwənt/ adjective
following in time or order
A structural
prototype is put through cycles of
stressing far more severe than can be
expected during the aircraft’s subsequent
operational life.  a subsequent
occasion a following occasion
subside subside /səb|sad/ verb 1. to sink to a
lower level
Cool air subsides. 2. to
become less active or strong  the
storm subsided the storm grew quiet
subsidence subsidence /sbsd(ə)ns/ noun the
act of sinking to a lower level

Descending air occurs because of subsidence
in the high pressure belts of the
sub-tropics and poles.
subsonic subsonic /sb|sɒnk/ adjective flying
at speeds slower than the speed of
sound, or not designed to fly above the
speed of sound
substance substance /sbstəns/ noun a material
of a particular sort
Specific heat is
the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a substance by 1°C (Celsius)
compared to the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of
water by 1°C.
substantial substantial /səb|stnʃəl/ adjective
　
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