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should make sure that his or her feet are
correctly positioned on the rudder pedals.
rule rule /rul/ noun 1. a standard and
authoritative instruction or guide

According to the rules, your ticket must
be paid for two weeks in advance.  as
a rule usually
As a general rule, radio
signals travel in straight lines. 2. an
instrument for determining length
rule of thumb rule of thumb /rul əv θm/ noun
easily remembered, useful guide to a
more complex principle
run run /rn/ noun a route or distance 
verb 1. to extend
Magnetic lines of
force run from the north magnetic pole
to the south magnetic pole. 2. to operate
an engine
An engine should be run at
low r.p.m. (revolutions per minute) after
flight to allow engine components to
cool to a more uniform temperature.
run up run up /rn p/ noun  engine runup
the testing of a piston engine at high
power, in a light aircraft, just before
take-off
Make certain that the parking
brake is on before doing engine run-up
checks.
runway runway /rnwe/ noun a strip of
level, usually paved ground on which
aircraft take off and land
Heathrow
airport has four terminals and two main
runways.
To achieve a safe landing,
an aircraft has to be controlled so that
its wheels make contact with the runway
smoothly.
The aircraft lined up
perfectly on the runway extended centre
line. Abbreviation R/W
COMMENT: Large airports often have
more than one runway, arranged to
cope with varying wind directions.
Some busy airports have parallel
runways which can be used
simultaneously.
runway visual range runway visual range /rnwe
v"uəl rend"/ noun the distance
along a runway at which selected lights
can be seen, adjusted to simulate
approach visibility
Runway visual
range is obtained by an observer standing
at the side of the runway in the
vicinity of the threshold counting the
number of markers or lights visible
along the side of the runway. Abbreviation
RVR
rupture /rptʃə/ noun the process of
breaking open or bursting
Pressure in
the fuel tanks must be controlled to prevent
rupture or collapse.  verb to break
open or burst
The impact ruptured the
fuel tank.
RVR abbreviation runway visual range
R/W R/W, RWY abbreviation runway
S
S abbreviation south
safe safe /sef/ adjective free from danger

Approach to land must be made at a
safe speed.  safe landing a landing
which does not endanger people or
damage the aircraft.
fail safe
safeguard safeguard /sef$ɑd/ noun something
done as a precaution
A propeller
is feathered after engine failure, or as a
safeguard when low oil pressure or
excessive temperature have indicated
the development of a possible defect. 
verb to take action to make sure that
something is protected from harm
A
pressure maintaining valve is generally
used to safeguard operation of important
services, such as flying controls
and wheel brakes.
life safe life /sef laf/ noun the principle
of putting the least load or force on each
component, so that it will last well
beyond a plane’s expected life
safety safety /sefti/ noun freedom from
danger, injury or risk
Turbulence can
have serious effects on aircraft safety
and performance and makes air travel
uncomfortable.  safety conscious the
state of being aware at all times of the
importance of safety and the means by
which it is achieved and maintained
pilot safety pilot /sefti palət/ noun a
pilot present in the cockpit to ensure the
safety of the flight, e.g. when a student
is practising instrument flying
safety regulations safety regulations /sefti
re$jυleʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun rules or
laws which must be followed to make a
place safe
Equipment and furnishings
on modern jet transports must comply
with safety regulations concerning fire
resistance.
safety straps safety straps /sefti strps/ plural
noun device to keep a person in position
in a seat
sailplane sailplane /selplen/ noun a light
glider particularly well adapted to making
use of rising air currents
St Elmo’s Fire St Elmo’s Fire /sənt elməυz faə/
noun a luminous electrical discharge
sometimes seen on aircraft during
storms
SALR SALR abbreviation saturated adiabatic
　
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