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TPP. See United States Terminal Procedures Publication.
Track. The actual path made over the ground in flight.
Tracking. Flying a heading that will maintain the desired track to or from the station regardless of crosswind conditions.
Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). An airborne system developed by the FAA that operates independently from the ground-based Air Traffic Control system. Designed to increase flight deck awareness of proximate aircraft and to serve as a “last line of defense” for the prevention of midair collisions.
Traffic information service (TIS). A ground-based service providing information to the flight deck via data link using the S-mode transponder and altitude encoder to improve the safety and efficiency of “see and avoid” flight through an automatic display that informs the pilot of nearby traffic.
Trailing edge. The portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow.
Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB). Meteorological and aeronautical data recorded on tapes and broadcast over selected NAVAIDs. Generally, the broadcast contains route-oriented data with specially prepared NWS forecasts, inflight advisories, and winds aloft. It also includes selected current information such as weather reports (METAR/SPECI), NOTAMs, and special notices.
Transponder. The airborne portion of the ATC radar beacon system.
Transponder code. One of 4,096 four-digit discrete codes ATC assigns to distinguish between aircraft.
Trend. Immediate indication of the direction of aircraft movement, as shown on instruments.
Tricycle gear. Landing gear employing a third wheel located on the nose of the aircraft.
Trim. To adjust the aerodynamic forces on the control surfaces so that the aircraft maintains the set attitude without any control input.
Trim tab. A small auxiliary hinged portion of a movable control surface that can be adjusted during flight to a position resulting in a balance of control forces.
Tropopause. The boundary layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere which acts as a lid to confine most of the water vapor, and the associated weather, to the troposphere.
Troposphere. The layer of the atmosphere extending from the surface to a height of 20,000 to 60,000 feet, depending on latitude.
True airspeed. Actual airspeed, determined by applying a correction for pressure altitude and temperature to the CAS.
True altitude. The vertical distance of the airplane above sea level—the actual altitude. It is often expressed as feet above mean sea level (MSL). Airport, terrain, and obstacle elevations on aeronautical charts are true altitudes.
Truss. A fuselage design made up of supporting structural members that resist deformation by applied loads. The truss-type fuselage is constructed of steel or aluminum tubing. Strength and rigidity is achieved by welding the tubing together into a series of triangular shapes, called trusses.
T-tail. An aircraft with the horizontal stabilizer mounted on the top of the vertical stabilizer, forming a T.
Turbine discharge pressure. The total pressure at the discharge of the low-pressure turbine in a dual-turbine axial-flow engine.
G-32
Turbine engine. An aircraft engine which consists of an air compressor, a combustion section, and a turbine. Thrust is produced by increasing the velocity of the air flowing through the engine.
Turbocharger. An air compressor driven by exhaust gases, which increases the pressure of the air going into the engine through the carburetor or fuel injection system.
Turbofan engine. A fanlike turbojet engine designed to create additional thrust by diverting a secondary airflow around the combustion chamber.
Turbojet engine. A turbine engine which produces its thrust entirely by accelerating the air through the engine.
Turboprop engine. A turbine engine which drives a propeller through a reduction gearing arrangement. Most of the energy in the exhaust gases is converted into torque, rather than using its acceleration to drive the aircraft.
Turboshaft engine. A gas turbine engine that delivers power through a shaft to operate something other than a propeller.
Turn-and-slip indicator. A flight instrument consisting of a rate gyro to indicate the rate of yaw and a curved glass inclinometer to indicate the relationship between gravity and centrifugal force. The turn-and-slip indicator indicates the relationship between angle of bank and rate of yaw. Also called a turn-and-bank indicator.
Turn coordinator. A rate gyro that senses both roll and yaw due to the gimbal being canted. Has largely replaced the turn-and-slip indicator in modern aircraft.
TWEB. See Transcribed Weather Broadcast.
UHF. See ultra-high frequency.
Ultra-high frequency (UHF). The range of electromagnetic frequencies between 962 MHz and 1213 MHz.
Ulitimate load factor. In stress analysis, the load that causes physical breakdown in an aircraft or aircraft component during a strength test, or the load that according to computations, should cause such a breakdown.
　
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