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F3.2.2 Usage______________________________________________________________________9
F3.2.3 Emission Indices _____________________________________________________________9
LIST OF TABLES
Table F-1: Emissions From Electric Power Consumption______________________________________10
LIST OF EQUATIONS
Equation F-1: Conventional and Alternative Fuel GSE/AGE Emission Calculation___________________7
Equation F-2: Electric GSE and AGE Emission Calculation ____________________________________8
F-4
F-5
Appendix F: Ground Support Equipment and Aerospace Ground
Equipment Emission Methodology
F1. OVERVIEW
A wide variety of ground equipment services large aircraft while they are unloading and loading
passengers and freight at an airport or air base. The following is a list of common Ground
Support Equipment (GSE) and Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE) types, along with a brief
description.
·  Air Start Units — Provide large volumes of compressed air to an aircraft’s main
engines for starting. Air start units are also called air compressors.
·  Air Conditioning Units — Provide conditioned air to ventilate and cool parked aircraft.
·  Aircraft Tugs — Tow aircraft in the terminal gate area or on the tarmac. They also tow
aircraft to and from hangers for maintenance. These are broken into two categories: tugs
for narrow body aircraft and tugs for wide body aircraft.
·  Baggage Tractors — Equipment used at airports to haul baggage between the aircraft
and the terminal.
·  Belt Loaders — Mobile conveyor belts used at airports to move baggage between the
ground and the aircraft hold.
·  Buses — Shuttle personnel between facility locations.
·  Cargo Moving Equipment — Various types of equipment employed to move baggage
and other cargo around the facility and to and from aircraft. This category includes
forklifts, lifts, and cargo loaders.
·  Cars — Move personnel around the facility.
·  Deicers — Vehicles used to transport, heat, and spray deicing fluid.
·  Ground Heaters — Mobile units that provide heated air to heat the parked aircraft.
·  Ground Power Unit (GPU) — Mobile ground-based generator units that supply aircraft
with electricity while they are parked at the facility. GPUs also are called generators.
·  Light Carts — Mobile carts that provide light.
·  Other — Small miscellaneous types of equipment commonly found at facilities such as
compressors, scrubbers, sweepers, and specialized units.
·  Pickups — Move personnel and equipment around the facility.
·  Service Vehicles — Specially modified vehicles to service aircraft at facilities. This
category includes fuel trucks, maintenance trucks, service trucks, lavatory trucks, and
bobtail tractors (a truck body that has been modified to tow trailers and equipment).
·  Vans — Move personnel and equipment around the facility.
·  Weapons Loader — Equipment employed at air bases to move weapons, such as
bombs, between the ground and the aircraft hold.
There is also a wide variety of equipment that services the airport. This equipment may be
assigned to various departments of the facility including administration, emergency response,
police department, operations, engineering and construction, automotive, mechanical
maintenance, and landscaping/gardening. The types of equipment servicing the airport vary from
F-6
cars and pick-ups to generators and lawn mowers. This equipment is also included in the GSE or
AGE inventory.
While GSE and AGE are commonly fueled by gasoline or diesel, many different types of GSE
and AGE are commercially available that operate on alternative fuels or electricity. Examples of
alternative fuels are compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas
(commonly propane). Different fuels have different emission characteristics for the same piece of
equipment.
There are both exhaust and evaporative-related emissions from GSE and AGE. The following
discusses the methodology, data inputs, and data sources for calculating exhaust emissions from
GSE and AGE. For information on calculating evaporative-related emissions from GSE and AGE
(e.g., refueling losses), see the California Air Resources Board 1995 publication titled
Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory
Model.
F2. METHODOLOGY
This section discusses the methodology for calculating exhaust emissions from GSE and AGE
　
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