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in the FAA and EPA’s Technical Data to Support FAA’s Advisory Circular on Reducing
Emissions from Commercial Aviation. This document also provides SO2 emission indices for
off-road aircraft GSE and on-road GSE emission indices developed by EEA for FAA. Airport
non-road emission indices are provided in the NEVES.
F3.2 Electric GSE/AGE
F3.2.1 GSE/AGE Type
GSE/AGE type refers to the equipment (e.g., baggage tug) and fuel (i.e., electric) type. Potential
sources of site-specific GSE/AGE type information are individual aircraft operators at airports,
the airport operator, or the air base’s operations department. For military aircraft, common AGE
applications are provided in the USAF’s The Engine Handbook.
F3.2.2 Usage
Usage can either be in hour (e.g., hours per LTO, hours per year) or megawatt hour units. Usage
refers to the hours used or megawatt hours of electricity consumed by a specific equipment type
either to service one LTO of a specific aircraft type or for the entire inventory period. Potential
sources of site-specific GSE/AGE usage information are individual aircraft operators at airports,
the airport operator, or the air base’s operations department.
F-10
F3.2.3 Emission Indices
Emissions generated at the power plant vary from region to region throughout the U.S. based on
the power generation technology, fuel used, and emission controls. Table F-1 presents Emission
indices for electric power production for all of the U.S. as well as for the Ozone Transport
Region (OTR), states outside the OTR and California. The OTR consists of the District of
Columbia, Maryland, parts of northern Virginia (e.g., Alexandria, Arlington County, Fairfax,
Fairfax County, Falls Church, Loudoun County, Manassas, Manassas Park, Prince William
County, and Stafford County), and all states north (e.g., Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey,
New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine).
The factors relate emissions at a power plant to electricity used at an airport, air base, or other
location connected to the power distribution system. The emission indices are based on the
regional mix of electricity generation technology and assume an 8% power loss in the
transmission and distribution system.
Region
Emission Index (lbs/MWh)1
HC CO NOx
Ozone Transport Region2 0.03 0.33 0.88
California 0.04 0.44 0.31
Other U.S. 0.03 0.34 3.97
Total U.S.: 0.03 0.36 3.52
Table F-1: Emissions From Electric Power Consumption3
1 Represents pounds of pollutant emitted at the point of power generation per megawatt hour of electricity
consumed in 2000.
2 Source: Impact of Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles on Air Quality in the Northeast States (Reference
39)
3 Source: EEA unless otherwise noted. Data has been adjusted to account for 8% transmission and
distribution losses.
Appendix G: Ground Access Vehicles
Emission Methodology
G-2
G-3
Appendix G: Ground Access Vehicles Emission Methodology
CONTENTS
G1. METHODOLOGY __________________________________________________5
G1.1 Emissions______________________________________________________________ 5
G1.1.1 Exhaust Emissions ___________________________________________________________5
G1.1.2 Evaporative-Related Emissions _________________________________________________6
G1.1.3 Idling Emissions _____________________________________________________________9
G1.1.4 Activity Categories ___________________________________________________________9
G1.1.4.1 Roadways_______________________________________________________________9
G1.1.4.2 Parking Lots____________________________________________________________10
G2. DATA SOURCES __________________________________________________10
G2.1 Exhaust Emission Indices _______________________________________________ 11
G2.1.1 Cold/Hot Start Percent _______________________________________________________11
G2.1.2 Speed ____________________________________________________________________11
G2.1.3 Year _____________________________________________________________________11
G2.2 Evaporative-Related Emission Indices ____________________________________ 11
G2.3 Vehicle Trips__________________________________________________________ 12
G2.4 Distance ______________________________________________________________ 12
G2.5 Days of Rest __________________________________________________________ 12
G2.6 Fuel Dispensed ________________________________________________________ 12
G2.7 Age Distribution _______________________________________________________ 13
G2.8 Idle Time _____________________________________________________________ 13
G2.9 Ambient Temperature Range and Average_________________________________ 13
　
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