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knowing the amount of fuel burned by those sources over the time period being studied. This
information should be obtained from the airport operator or base operations department.
H2.1.2.2 Emission Indices
Emission indices for most stationary combustion sources found at airports and air bases are given
in Sections 1.1-1.5 of Volume I of EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Emission indices have been developed by EPA that take into consideration several factors that
have a significant impact on pollutant emissions, including:
·  Fuel type
·  Fuel sulfur content
·  Fuel ash content
·  Boiler type
·  Pollution control equipment
The emission indices are calculated by obtaining from Volume I of Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors the uncontrolled emission index based on fuel type and boiler type, and
correcting for the reduction of pollutants by any air pollution control equipment in operation. In
addition, the SO2 emission index is affected by the fuel sulfur content, and the PM emission
index is affected by the fuel ash content. The methodology for obtaining the proper emission
indices is expressed by Equation H-2.
EIi= UIi x (1 - CF/100) x FMi
Where:
EIi - emission index for pollutant i (pounds of pollutant per thousand gallons,
mcf, or ton of fuel)
UIi - uncontrolled emission index for pollutant i (pounds of pollutant per
thousand gallons, mcf, or ton of fuel)
CF - air pollution control factor (%)
FMi - fuel modifier (fuel weight percent sulfur for SO2 emission index; fuel
weight percent ash for PM emission index; ignore for other pollutants)
i - pollutant (CO, SO2, PM, NOx, or HC)
Equation H-2: Emission Factors for Boilers and Space Heaters
H2.1.2.3 Fuel Type
All emission indices for boilers given in Volume I of Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors depend upon the type of fuel burned. At airports and air bases, the most common fuel
types are distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, diesel fuel, natural gas, and occasionally jet fuel. A
small number of air bases may burn coal in large boilers. The type of fuel burned may be
obtained from the airport operator, fuel supplier, or base operations department.
H-10
H2.1.2.4 Fuel Ash Content
To calculate an emission index for particulate matter, an estimate of the ash content of the fuel is
often required. This may be obtained from the fuel supplier, airport operator, or base operations
department, or may be taken from calculation of default ash content of fuels as described in
Section 1.3 of Volume I of Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
H2.1.2.5 Fuel Sulfur Content
To calculate an emission index for sulfur dioxide, an estimate of the sulfur content of the fuel is
required. This may be obtained from the fuel supplier, airport operator, or base operations
department.
H2.1.2.6 Combustion Source Equipment Type
Specific information on the type of equipment and fuel used for each boiler or space heater
should be obtained from the airport operator or from the manufacturer. Equipment classification
should conform with the categories specified in Volume I of Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors. Two examples of boiler classifications given in the Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors (for which uncontrolled emission indices are given) are “Distillate
oil fired commercial/institutional/residential combustor” and “Natural gas-fired small industrial
boiler.” Therefore, boilers are classified by fuel and equipment types by Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors. Space heaters are not specifically discussed in Volume I of
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. For the purposes of airport and air base
emissions inventories, it can be assumed that the emission indices provided for boilers are
applicable to space heaters of a comparable size and fuel type.
H2.1.2.7 Air Pollution Control Factor
Information on air pollution control equipment and control efficiency should be obtained from
the airport operator or base operations department. This figure should be expressed as a percent
reduction from the uncontrolled emission level.
H2.2 Emergency Generators
Two methodologies are given here: EPA’s AP-42 method (paragraph 2.2.1), which calculates
emissions based on the capacity rating of generator engines, and the U.S. Air Force’s method
(paragraph 2.2.3), which calculates emissions based on the amount of fuel consumed. The choice
of method is likely to rest upon the type of facility being studied (e.g., AP-42 for civilian airports,
USAF method for military bases).
H2.2.1 Methodology (EPA AP-42)
　
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