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VOR navigation and changed GPS batteries which I knew
were low.
Never fully depend on handheld GPS for position, and keep
fresh batteries installed.
Cabin Crew Priorities
In spite of what some passengers may believe, the
cabin crew’s primary duty is to ensure passenger
safety. This duty becomes obvious during an
aircraft emergency, when the crew’s skills and training
come to the fore, as described in this report to ASRS on an
emergency descent and landing:
n  I was seated in the aft part of the aircraft and I noticed
some unusual changes in cabin temperature and airflow.
Another Flight Attendant came to the back and said that
she had been in the cockpit and the pilots seemed to be
having some problem. I could tell we were descending.
About this time, the Captain made a PA [Public Address]
announcement stating that we were having a
pressurization problem and that we might have to use the
oxygen masks. He also asked passengers to make sure
their seatbelts were fastened. I made my way to the front,
checking seatbelt compliance. At this point, we seemed to
be descending rapidly…[and] the oxygen masks deployed
throughout the aircraft. I donned a mask…and slowly
worked my way to the back, checking on passengers. All
passengers seemed to get their masks on with no problems.
The Lead Flight Attendant made the required PA
announcement per our procedures. Our Flight
Attendant procedures seemed to work well.
Flight Attendants receive extensive initial and
recurrent safety training just so that all
emergency procedures go as smoothly as the
ones in this incident did.
Next, cool heads and good crew communications
combined to bring an emergency return-to-land
incident to a textbook conclusion, as described in this
report from a Flight Attendant:
n  On takeoff roll, multiple loud thumps (explosions) were
heard when the left gear inside tire blew and made an
incision into the wing, then entered the engine. We
contacted the Captain and gave him as much information
as possible. He informed us were going to return to make
an emergency landing, and we did so without incident.
Since the cabin crew provided the Captain with a thorough
assessment of the damage, none of the flight crew needed
to leave the cockpit to survey the damage personally. All
three flight crew members were able to remain in the cockpit
and concentrate on preparing for the emergency landing.
Conditional Clearance Confusion
U.S. Air Traffic controllers generally avoid attaching
conditions to their taxi instructions. However,
“conditional clearances,” in which the pilot’s compliance
with an instruction is dependent on the completion of an
action by an arriving or departing aircraft, are common at
many foreign airports. A pilot’s lack of familiarity with
conditional clearances can lead to runway transgressions
and other problems, as evidenced by this report to ASRS
from a military transport pilot flying in a foreign country.
n  The clearance as we perceived it was “cleared onto the
runway to wait following air carrier X” (air carrier X
being the one that was beginning its takeoff roll). Traffic
on a 5-8 mile final was observed, but the thought was that
we would receive an immediate takeoff and we read back
the clearance as we heard it. Upon seeing the aircraft in
front commence his departure turn, we queried Tower for
takeoff clearance. At that time, he informed us that we
had been “cleared [onto the runway] following the
landing traffic.” He sent the landing traffic around.
We are not accustomed to the…conditional clearance and
had not given forethought to the hazards involved.
In another incident at a foreign airport, the First Officer of a
widebody jet reported a similar misunderstanding of a
controller’s conditional clearance.
n  We were holding short of the runway. Two other heavy
jets had just taken off with very tight departure spacing.
As soon as the jet before us was airborne, both my Captain
and I understood the Tower Controller to say, “Traffic on a
3-1/2 mile final, line up Runway 8.” I specifically read
back: “Cleared to line up Runway 8,” with no mention of a
conditional clearance. I looked again and saw the final
approach traffic about three miles out. I thought there was
ample spacing for our takeoff between the departing and
arriving traffic, and expected Tower to clear us for takeoff
as we taxied into position. About one minute later, the
Tower told the aircraft on final approach to go around,
　
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