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Say The Magic Words
Clearance
R oger
Rather, the ones your flight instructor taught
you—“Cleared for...” These magic words apply to
instructions for taxi, takeoff, landing, and entry into Class B
airspace. Two reporters share their experiences of not
verifying receipt of the magic words:
■ About 7 miles West of [the Class B airport], I called [Approach
Control], and stated our position and intentions.
Controller responded with a squawk number and ident,
which was complied with. Approximately one minute later
[now inside the Class B boundary], the Controller came back
with, “I guess a clearance means nothing, but you are cleared
into the [Class B airspace].” I felt that once contact was
made, the Controller knew our intentions and a squawk and
ident were given, that a clearance was imminent.
Imminent does not mean “Cleared.” Contact with ATC and
receipt of a squawk code constitutes permission to enter
Class C airspace, but Class B airspace requires the magic
words.
Even when the pilots are clear on the rules, distractions can
set the stage for not receiving the magic words.
■ Landed without receiving landing clearance from Tower.
The weather and traffic were heavy... Just prior to
marker...we had a lightning strike which caused a
momentary loss of navigation instruments. I believe this
event caused the First Officer not to switch over to the Tower,
and I forgot to verify that we had received a landing
clearance. I landed and rolled out normally, and realized we
were on Approach Control frequency. When...distracted or
startled, even experienced pilots can make fundamental
mistakes.
Will the Last One Out
Please Turn Out the Lights?
■ Normal single engine taxi, [and] at the gate, ran normal
engine shutdown checklist. When external power came on
line, APU was shut down and normal transfer of power was
observed on panel... Cockpit cleanup was accomplished and
we departed to the next gate for [our next] flight...
Approximately 10-15 minutes later, we were notified of the
left engine running on [our previous] aircraft, and
maintenance had shut down the engine.
Chances are the flight crew substituted the APU shutdown
for shutdown of the last engine. Apparently, their thoughts
were already on their next flight instead of clear
communication and proper coordination of cockpit duties.
“Roger”
According to the Pilot/Controller Glossary of the Airman’s
Information Manual (AIM), “Roger” means, “I have received all
of your last transmission.” It should not be used by either pilots
or controllers to answer a question that requires a “yes” or “no”
response. In this incident reported to ASRS, the pilot of a small
aircraft questioned a controller’s use of “Roger”:
■ We were cleared by Tower to depart and climb
northeastbound. [We noticed] an aircraft approximately 50 feet
below us...paralleling our course, and climbing. I told the Tower
we had traffic off our wing. The Tower acknowledged by saying,
“Roger.” The aircraft began turning northbound towards us, at
which point we took evasive action to avoid [a mid-air collision].
The aircraft continued climbing and departed northbound. I
questioned the Tower again about the traffic, and again the
Tower only answered, “Roger.”
Upon landing, I telephoned the Tower to try to clear up several
questions about the Tower’s responsibility. The Controller’s
response was that once we had the traffic in sight, it was our
responsibility to maintain visual separation ...[and] that he was
not in contact with the airplane in question. The way the
Controller stated “Roger” [on our initial call] gave me the
impression that the Tower was aware of the traffic and it was
under his control.
It appears that the pilot of the other aircraft was flying in Class
D airspace without contacting the Tower.
The report doesn’t say whether the Tower was radar-equipped.
This does make a difference, since the conflict was estimated to
have occurred two miles from the airport, at 2,300 feet MSL. If
the Tower lacked radar, the controller’s “Roger” may have been
appropriate. However, an optional message from ATC–“I’m not
in contact with the traffic”–would have been helpful to the pilot.
If the Tower did have radar, the controller might have
announced, “You have traffic at [clock position].” However, the
AIM notes that the issuance of a safety alert is contingent upon
　
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