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extra vigilance during takeoffs and landings, will be a
step ahead in avoiding conflict situations.
Section 4-1-9 of the Aeronautical Information Manual
provides a detailed summary of recommended
communications procedures at non-Tower airports, and
where to look up the various common frequencies used.
Air Brush
ASRS received reports
from two pilots involved
in a mid-air collision at a
non-Tower airport.
Fortunately, the mid-air
resulted only in minor
damage to each aircraft
and no injury to the
involved pilots. Accordingly, it was not categorized
by the NTSB as an accident. This incident involved
several elements often seen in conflict events at non-
Tower fields:
• a no-radio aircraft
• a non-standard traffic pattern by one aircraft
• ineffective visual scan by both pilots.

[From Pilot #1, Aircraft ‘X’] I entered the pattern
from its 45 [degree angle]. On downwind while
looking at the wind sock, I noticed Aircraft ‘Y’ taking
off. We were obviously the only aircraft in the pattern.
I made all my radio announcements as usual. On
final a plane in the run-up area made a call to me to
pull-up – watch out. I looked to the left and Aircraft
‘Y’ was right there. I was already pulling up and to
the right. We made contact and Aircraft ‘Y’ landed as
I circled to land. Aircraft ‘Y’ had minor damage to the
right wing skin and I received a dent in my left wheel
pants.
Aircraft ‘Y’ has no radio and did not see me enter the
pattern and made a modified short pattern… From
now on if I don’t hear from an aircraft in the pattern,
I am going to do a go-around and get behind the
aircraft.

[From Pilot #2, Aircraft ‘Y’] I was on the third
approach for take-off and landings at airport. Aircraft
‘Y’ is non-electric and has no radio. Unaware of
Aircraft ‘X’ having entered the pattern, I was turning
from base to final…and collided with Aircraft ‘X’ that
was on a longer final. Damage was scuffed paint on
the left main wheel fairing of Aircraft ‘X’ and dented
leading edge skin on [Aircraft ‘Y’] right wing.
Better visual scan on the part of both pilots could have
prevented this occurrence, and use of a hand-held
radio [in Aircraft ‘Y’] may have helped.
for safe operation into uncontrolled fields. ASRS reports
can add another dimension of understanding on these
subjects, as illustrated by several recent incident reports.
A Monthly Safety Bulletin
from
The Office of the NASA
Aviation Safety Reporting
System,
P.O. Box 189,
Moffett Field, CA
94035-0189
http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/
ASRS Recently Issued Alerts On…
An ATC clearance-related runway conflict
EMB145 pitch trim failure during initial climb
A severe runway conflict involving a B767 and A321
CL-65 frozen aileron stabilizer trim incident at FL240
DHC8-100 aileron control wheel disconnect on landing
February 2002 Report Intake
Air Carrier / Air Taxi Pilots 1856
General Aviation Pilots 678
Controllers 28
Cabin/Mechanics/Military/Other 97
TOTAL 2659
Number 272 April 2002
“TERRAIN, TERRAIN – Pull Up!”
A Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) is
defined by 14 CFR Part 91.119(a) as
“an altitude allowing, if a power unit
fails, an emergency landing without
undue hazard to persons or property
on the surface.”
The minimum altitudes depicted on
approach charts provide at least 1,000 feet of obstacle
clearance for emergency use within a specified distance
from the navigation facility upon which a procedure is
based. As a First Officer discovered, a night approach into
an airport located in mountainous terrain requires good
crew coordination and compliance with charted altitude
minimums:

Approach Control cleared us for visual approach
approximately 30 nm northwest of the field. We were
descending to 6,500 feet on the [STAR] when we received
clearance for visual… The Approach controller directed us
to “contact Tower 11 miles northwest.” I looked down, set
in the localizer frequency for the ILS and Tower frequency
in VHF#1 [radio], but did not select Tower… While I was
looking down, the Captain selected 4,500 feet in the altitude
alerter, and I did not notice that this was well below the
MSA of 5800 feet…
Around 15 nm…I selected Tower. Shortly thereafter we
received an EGPWS alert for terrain. I noticed the black
　
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