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left or right when the turn is not coordinated.
This never happens in normal law because the
fly-by-wire system handles the autocoordination.
5. Reference bars : two bars represent the
aircraft wings. They are the pitch reference.
6. Fly-by-wire limitations : the green lines
show the limitations the fly-by-wire will respect.
On the left and right of the attitude indicator, the
green lines show the bank angle limitation (67°
or 45° in normal law). On the pitch ladder, green
lines show the +30°/-15° pitch angle limitation.
In normal law, the fly-by-wire system will
prevent the pilot from passing these limits.
The vertical and horizontal green lines are the
flight director. It will be described later in this
section.
EFIS
Airbus Series Vol.1
(c) 2007 Wilco Publishing www.wilcopub.com - www.FeelThere.com 35
When the aircraft is on the ground with
engines started, the sidestick position is
shown on the attitude indicator :
1. Maximum sidestick deviation box
2. Sidestick position indicator
Flight Director
The flight director shows the pilot what directions
must be taken to follow the aircraft guidance
calculated by the FMGC. When the aircraft is
flown manually, the pilot in command is in charge
of following the flight director in order to fly the
aircraft as required by the FCU settings. When
the autopilot is active, it will do exactly the same
byl commanding the aircraft to follow the flight
director. If you want to fly the aircraft manually
without taking the FCU settings into account, you
should disconnect the flight director.
The fly-by-wire system automatically hides
the flight director bars when the bank angle
reaches preset limits.
The flight director has 2 different shapes,
accor-ding to the guidance mode selected on
the FCU :
In HDG/VS (heading/vertical speed) mode, the flight
director shows a horizontal and a vertical trend bars to
guide the aircraft on the vertical and lateral path.
In TRK/FPA (track/flight path angle) mode, the flight
director is displayed as a line with 2 triangles (1) and the
flight path vector, also called “the bird”, is shown as an
aircraft symbol (2). To follow the flight director in this
mode, you should align the bird with the flight director
symbol.
Some Advice
Flight Director Usage
When the aircraft is flown by the autopilot,
remember that the flight director is “the
brain”, and the autopilot “the muscle”. The
FMGC and the flight director “think” and
calculate the right flight control movements to
guide the aircraft on the right trajectory. The
autopilot is in charge of moving the flight
controls according to the orders given by the
flight director.
This means you can replace the autopilot and
fly the aircraft manually, following the
directions provided by the flight director. Your
actions on the sidestick will merely replace
the actions taken by the autopilot.
Many pilots say the flight director should be
turned off when flying the aircraft manually.
For example, imagine you plan to land on
runway 25 at Paris Orly (LFPO). At the very last
moment, you change your mind (or ATC asks
you to do so) and you have to land on runway
26 instead. In this case, no time to re-program
the FMGC, you switch FD off and finish your
approach on runway 26 manually, helped by
the ILS.
Resetting the FCU
When you switch the flight director off, it
clears the FCU memory. This is why many
pilots switch the FD off and on at the very
beginning of the flight, in order to reset the
EFIS
Airbus Series Vol.1
36 For Microsoft Flight Simulator use only. Not for use in real aviation.
FCU and make sure no mode remains engaged
because of the previous flight.
Choosing HDG/VS or TRK/FPA guidance mode
The choice between these two modes is a
matter of personal preference. Some pilots
say that TRK/FPA mode should be used when
flying the aircraft manually without using the
flight director.
My advice is that you should use your personal
experience. In my opinion, the TRK/FPA mode
is very useful when you land manually with
strong cross winds. You shouldn’t use the
auto-pilot and autoland is such situations.
Guiding the aircraft manually along its final
approach trajectory is made easy by the use of
the “bird” in TRK/FPA mode. First, set the
TRACK value to the runway orientation. Then
use the ILS indication to put the aircraft on the
localizer and glide slope. When the aircraft is
　
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