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the drift and slope. The associated flight director is the FPD (Flight Path
Director) which makes it possible to indicate how to maintain the desired
path.
The FD orders, both in HDG-V/S mode and in TRK-FPA mode, are elaborated
by the FMGECs. As for the drift and flight path angle (FPA) parameters that are
used to display the FPV, they are elaborated by the IRs.
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Flight Control Unit (FCU)
An FMGEC uses a certain number of parameters to perform its functions,
particularly inertial or anemometric, delivered by several independent sources
which it consolidates by means of a monitoring mechanism.
The airspeed, for example, is given by the aircraft’s three ADRs. By default,
FMGEC 1 uses the parameters from ADR 1 and FMGEC 2 those from ADR 2.
When one of the three speeds deviates too much from the other two, it is
automatically rejected by the system without any loss of function. But if
the difference between these two remaining values becomes too great, the
FMGEC then rejects both of them. In such a situation, it is no longer possible
to ensure most of the functions normally performed by the FMGEC.
If one of the FMGECs is no longer valid, both PFDs’ FDs display the orders
from the other. If the associated Autopilot is engaged, it will be disengaged
automatically, generating the AUTO FLT AP OFF red ECAM message associated
with the characteristic “cavalry charge” audio alarm and with the MASTER
WARNING. Control of autothrust is automatically transferred to the remaining
FMGEC.
If both FMGECs are invalid, the two flight directors disappear and the red FD flag
is displayed on the PFDs. If one autopilot is engaged, whichever one it may be,
it will be disengaged automatically, generating the red ECAM message AUTO
FLT AP OFF. If the autothrust is engaged, it will be disengaged automatically,
generating activation of the amber ECAM message AUTO FLT A/THR OFF and
activation of the THRUST LOCK function. As long as this function is engaged:
 the thrust remains frozen at the value it had at the time it was activated,
 an amber “THR LK” message flashes on the FMA at the level of the third line
in the left column,
 the amber “ENG THRUST LOCKED” ECAM message is displayed and a single
chime sounds every five seconds:
ECAM Alarm Aural
warning
Visual
warning
SD
Page Local warning
Inhibited
in phase
06
ENG THRUST LOCKED Single chime
every 5 sec
Master
caution
every 5 sec
- - no
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45
Thrust must be controlled manually, either by moving the thrust control levers
or by pressing the disconnect push-button located on the levers (instinctive
disconnect).
Disengagement of the autopilot resets monitoring of the parameters carried
out in the FMGEC: as soon as the FMGEC becomes valid again, for example
because the two speeds are once again consistent with each other, its functions
are ensured again. Thus, if the associated FD is still engaged, the red FD flag
disappears and the trend bars re-appear. If the associated autopilot and the
autothrust are also made available again, a crew action on the corresponding
button on the FCU is necessary to re-engage them.
The FPV is elaborated in the IR part of the ADIRU which, for this purpose,
uses inertial parameters and also an anemometric parameter: the barometric
vertical speed. It is thus necessary for the IR to have at least one valid ADR
at its disposal. From the perspective of the IR, an ADR is valid if the three
parameters, altitude, barometric vertical speed and true airspeed are valid
(SSM status is NO) If the three ADRs are considered invalid by the IR it is no
longer possible to calculate the FPV and the red FPV flag appears on the PFD.
When it is used, the autopilot elaborates the control surface position orders
itself and it functions independently from the flight control law in force. These
orders are transmitted to the servo-controls via the PRIMs.
1.6.11.3 Design and limit speeds
A certain number of speeds are represented by specifi c symbols on the PFD’s
speed scale (protection or design speeds – “green dot”, F, S, Vmax, Valpha prot, etc.).
Some of these speeds are calculated by the FMGEC, others by the PRIMs which
transmit them to the FMGEC for display. In the case where the three ADRs are
rejected by the PRIMs, the SPD LIM flag appears at the bottom right of the
speed scale. The current speed and the target speed remain on display. If at
least one ADR is valid in the FMGECs, the Vmax speed may remain displayed on
　
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